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<META CONTENT="Roger Price" NAME="DC.CREATOR">
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<META CONTENT="David Raggett, Invited Expert" NAME="DC.CONTRIBUTOR">
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<H1 CLASS="UG">User's Guide to ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)</H1>
<P CLASS="author-UG"><A HREF="DMA.jpg">Abrahamson</A> -
<A HREF="RP.jpg">Price</A></P>
<P><A CLASS="fullwidth-UG" HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/JP/Users-Guide.html"><I>Japanese translation</I></A>
</P>
<P CLASS="fullwidth-UG">Second edition 2003-04-08 <SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">incorporating <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html">TC1</A></SPAN>,<BR>
for ISO/IEC 15445:2000 first edition 2000-05-15,<BR>
corrected version 2003-##-##.
</P>
<HR CLASS="fullwidth">
<H2 CLASS="contents">Contents</H2>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of Foreword" HREF="#FOREWORD">Foreword</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause on User's Guide" HREF="#FIRSTEDITION"><SPAN CLASS="UG">Foreword to
the User's Guide</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause on second edition of the Guide" HREF="#SECONDEDITION"><SPAN CLASS="UG">Foreword to
second edition of the User's Guide</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause on copyright" HREF="#COPYRIGHT"><SPAN CLASS="UG">Copyright notice</SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of Introduction" HREF="#INTRO">Introduction</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause on references to W3C text" HREF="#P.123"><SPAN CLASS="UG">References to the W3C Recommendation</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause on related work" HREF="#RELATED"><SPAN CLASS="UG">Related work</SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 1" HREF="#SCOPE">1 Scope</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 2" HREF="#CONF">2 Conformance</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of subclause 2.1" HREF="#DOCCONF">2.1 Conforming documents</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of subclause 2.2" HREF="#SYSVALID">2.2 Validating systems</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause 2.2.1" HREF="#VALDOC"><SPAN CLASS="UG">2.2.1 Documentation of validating systems</SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of subclause 2.3" HREF="#SYSCONF">2.3 Conforming systems</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause 2.3.1" HREF="#CONFDOC"><SPAN CLASS="UG">2.3.1 Documentation of conforming systems</SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of subclause 2.4" HREF="#CONFI18N">2.4 Character set conformance</A></LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 3" HREF="#REFS">3 Normative references</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 4" HREF="#DEFS">4 Definitions</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 5" HREF="#SYMABB">5 Symbols and abbreviations</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 6" HREF="#REQUIREMENTS">6 Requirements</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 7" HREF="#REFTEXT">7 Use of the referenced text</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause 7.1" HREF="#UNREFINED"><SPAN CLASS="UG">7.1 Element [type]s defined by
the W3C Recommendation</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause 7.1" HREF="#REFINED"><SPAN CLASS="UG">7.2 Element [type]s refined by ISO-HTML</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause 7.1" HREF="#OMITTED"><SPAN CLASS="UG">7.3 Attributes omitted by ISO-HTML</SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 8" HREF="#COMMON">8 General provisions</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause 8.1" HREF="#BYTESEX">8.1 Byte order</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause 8.2" HREF="#BLOCKTEXT"><SPAN CLASS="UG">8.2 Block and text element types</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 9" HREF="#INVOCATION">9 Invocation</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of subclause 9.1" HREF="#DOCTYPE">9.1 Document type declaration</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Subclause 9.1.1" HREF="#ALTDOCTYPE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">9.1.1 Document type declaration for preparation of ISO-HTML</SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of subclause 9.2" HREF="#ARCHSUPP">9.2 Architectural support declaration</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of subclause 9.3" HREF="#DTDCOMMENT">9.3 Comments in the <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR></A></LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 10" HREF="#AVAIL">10 Availability of the <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR></A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 11" HREF="#CREDO">11 Style</A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of subclause 11.1" HREF="#PRESENTATION"><SPAN CLASS="UG">11.1 Descriptions of presentation style</SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of clause 12" HREF="#COMMENT">12 Comments in <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide clause 13" HREF="#REFINE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13 Refinement of element types</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.1" HREF="#A"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.1 The A element type—Source and target anchors</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.2" HREF="#ADDRESS"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.2 The ADDRESS element type—Author's address</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.3" HREF="#AREA"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.3 The AREA element type—Image map region</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.4" HREF="#BLOCKQUOTE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.4 The BLOCKQUOTE element type—Block quotation</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.5" HREF="#BODY"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.5 The BODY element type—Document body</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.6" HREF="#BUTTON"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.6 The BUTTON element type—Selectable input mechanism</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.7" HREF="#COL"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.7 The COL element type—Table column properties</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.8" HREF="#COLGROUP"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.8 The COLGROUP element type—Table column group properties</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.9" HREF="#HEAD"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.9 The HEAD element type—Document header</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.10" HREF="#HTML"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.10 The HTML element type—Document instance</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.11" HREF="#H1"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.11 The H1 element type—Major section header</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI><A CLASS="UG" TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.11.1" HREF="#H1.INTRO">13.11.1 Introduction</A>
</LI>
<LI><A CLASS="UG" TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.11.2" HREF="#H1.NEST">13.11.2 Nesting of sections</A>
</LI>
<LI><A CLASS="UG" TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.11.4" HREF="#H1.PREP">13.11.3 Preparation</A>
</LI>
<LI><A CLASS="UG" TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.11.4" HREF="#H1.EX">13.11.4 Example of structured headings</A>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.12" HREF="#H2"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.12 The H2 element type—Section header</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.13" HREF="#H3"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.13 The H3 element type—Subsection header</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.14" HREF="#H4"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.14 The H4 element type—Subsubsection header</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.14" HREF="#H5"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.15 The H5 element type—Subsubsubsection header</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.16" HREF="#H6"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.16 The H6 element type—Minor subsubsubsection header</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.17" HREF="#IMG"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.17 The IMG element type—Inline images</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.18" HREF="#INPUT"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18 The INPUT element type—User input field</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.18.1" HREF="#I.CHECKBOX"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.1 <CODE>TYPE=checkbox</CODE></SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.18.2" HREF="#I.FILE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.2 <CODE>TYPE=file</CODE></SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.18.3" HREF="#I.HIDDEN"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.3 <CODE>TYPE=hidden</CODE></SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.18.4" HREF="#I.PASSWORD"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.4 <CODE>TYPE=password</CODE></SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.18.5" HREF="#I.RADIO"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.5 <CODE>TYPE=radio</CODE></SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.18.6" HREF="#I.RESET"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.6 <CODE>TYPE=reset</CODE></SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.18.7" HREF="#I.SUBMIT"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.7 <CODE>TYPE=submit</CODE></SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.18.8" HREF="#I.TEXT"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.8 <CODE>TYPE=text</CODE></SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.19" HREF="#LABEL"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.19 The LABEL element type—Form field label</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.20" HREF="#LINK"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.20 The LINK element type—Interdocument relations</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.21" HREF="#MAP"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.21 The MAP element type—Client-side image map</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.22" HREF="#OBJECT"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.22 The OBJECT element type—Simple agent</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.23" HREF="#Q"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.23 The Q element type—Quote</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.24" HREF="#STYLE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.24 The STYLE element type—Style specification</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.25" HREF="#TABLE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.25 The TABLE element type—Tables</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.26" HREF="#TBODY"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.26 The TBODY element type—Table body</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.27" HREF="#TD"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.27 The TD element type—Table data cell</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.28" HREF="#TH"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.28 The TH element type—Table header cell</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 13.29" HREF="#TR"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.29 The TR element type—Table row</SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide clause 14" HREF="#DOCPREP"><SPAN CLASS="UG">14 Document preparation</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 14.1" HREF="#PRE-HTML"><SPAN CLASS="UG">14.1 Pre-HTML</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 14.2" HREF="#PROCESS"><SPAN CLASS="UG">14.2 Preparation process</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI><A CLASS="UG" TITLE="User's Guide subclause 14.2.1" HREF="#PROCESS1">14.2.1 Using a "scrubber"</A>
</LI>
<LI><A CLASS="UG" TITLE="User's Guide subclause 14.2.2" HREF="#PROCESS2">14.2.2 Using an architectural form</A>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 14.3" HREF="#TIMESTAMP"><SPAN CLASS="UG">14.3 An example — Document time stamps</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A CLASS="UG" TITLE="User's Guide subclause 14.4" HREF="#OPTIONAL">14.4 Document versions and optional
content</A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide clause 15" HREF="#ENGINEERING"><SPAN CLASS="UG">15 SGML engineering</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 15.1" HREF="#PACKAGE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">15.1 Step 1—DTD identification</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 15.2" HREF="#PREEMPT"><SPAN CLASS="UG">15.2 Step 2—Declaration of parameter entities</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User's Guide subclause 15.3" HREF="#PARSE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">15.3 Step 3—Parsing the formal definition</SPAN></A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A CLASS="TC2-UG" TITLE="User's Guide clause 15" HREF="#FOLDING">16 Folding to upper case</A>
<UL>
<LI><A CLASS="TC2-UG" TITLE="User Guide subclause 16.1" HREF="#VOCAB">16.1 Some SGML vocabulary</A>
</LI>
<LI><A CLASS="TC2-UG" TITLE="User Guide subclause 16.2" HREF="#ANCHOR-FOLDING">16.1 Folding of anchors</A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of bibliography" HREF="#BIBLIOGRAPHY">Bibliography</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of annex A" HREF="#DCL">Annex A <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> declaration</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="Text of annex B" HREF="#DTD">Annex B Entities, element types and attributes</A></LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User Guide annex C" HREF="#MAINTENANCE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">Annex C Maintenance of the International Standard</SPAN>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">— Defect report index</SPAN></A>
<UL>
<LI><A TITLE="User Guide subclause C.1" HREF="#DEFECT.1"><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">C.1 Defect report 1 Latin
alphabet No. 1 entity set public text
description</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User Guide subclause C.2" HREF="#DEFECT.2"><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">C.2 Defect report 2 Symbols
entity set public text description</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User Guide subclause C.3" HREF="#DEFECT.3"><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">C.3 Defect report 3
Simultaneous ID and NAME attributes</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User Guide subclause C.4" HREF="#DEFECT.4"><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">C.4 Defect report 4
Accessibility of client side maps</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User Guide subclause C.5" HREF="#DEFECT.5"><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">C.5 Defect report 5 <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
4.01</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A TITLE="User Guide subclause C.6" HREF="#DEFECT.6"><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">C.6 Defect report 6 FORM
content model</SPAN></A>
</LI>
<LI><A CLASS="TC2-UG" TITLE="User Guide subclause C.7" HREF="#DEFECT.7">C.7 Defect report 7 Case
folding of ID, NAME and HREF attribute values</A>
</LI>
<LI><A CLASS="TC2-UG" TITLE="User Guide subclause C.8" HREF="#DEFECT.8">C.8 Defect report 8 Element
type INPUT with attribute <CODE>TYPE=reset</CODE></A>
</LI>
<LI><A CLASS="TC2-UG" TITLE="User Guide subclause C.9" HREF="#DEFECT.9">C.9 Defect report 9
Alternative syntax for architectural support
declaration</A>
</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#BIB"><SPAN CLASS="UG">User's Guide Bibliography</SPAN></A></LI>
</UL>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.FOREWORD"><A ID="FOREWORD" NAME="FOREWORD">Foreword</A></H2>
<P><ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> (the International Organization for Standardization) and <ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR>
(the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized
system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> or <ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> participate in the development of
International Standards through technical committees established by
the respective organization to deal with particular fields of
technical activity. <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> and <ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> technical committees collaborate
in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> and <ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR>,
also take part in the work.
</P>
<P>International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given
in <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> Directives, Part 3.
</P>
<P>In the field of information technology, <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> and <ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> have
established a joint technical committee, <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> <ABBR TITLE="Joint Technical Committee" LANG="EN">JTC</ABBR> 1. Draft
International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are
circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the
national bodies casting a vote.
</P>
<P>Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights.
<ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> and <ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
all such patent rights.
</P>
<P>International Standard <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 15445 was prepared by Joint
Technical Committee <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> <ABBR TITLE="Joint Technical Committee" LANG="EN">JTC</ABBR> 1, <I>Information
technology</I>, Subcommittee <ABBR TITLE="Subcommittee" LANG="EN">SC</ABBR>34, <I>Document description
languages</I>. <ABBR TITLE="Joint Technical Committee" LANG="EN">JTC</ABBR>1/<ABBR TITLE="Subcommittee" LANG="EN">SC</ABBR>34 has worked on this project in close
cooperation with the World Wide Web Consortium. This International Standard makes
normative reference to the <I><A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A></I>.
</P>
<P>Annexes A and B form a normative part of this International Standard.
</P>
<P>This corrected version of the International Standard includes normative technical
changes, altering the requirements and recommendations for the use of the
<A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>, and extends the support for accessibility to
the World Wide Web. The changes result in part from practical experience
with the language defined by this International Standard and in part from
the World Wide Web Consortium's adoption of HTML 4.01 as the reference
specification for the HTML 4 language. Details of the changes are provided
in the Supplement to the corrected version of ISO/IEC 15445:2000.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.FIRSTEDITION"><A CLASS="UG" ID="FIRSTEDITION" NAME="FIRSTEDITION">Foreword to
the User's Guide</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">In November 1996 we were authorized to act as the project editors of
the ISO/IEC International Standard 15445:2000 for HTML, informally
known as "ISO-HTML". The formal specification, published on May 15th
2000, that we developed is intended for SGML experts who are familiar
with the SGML family of International Standards, and as such is
challenging to read. However we wanted the standard to be accessible
to readers who do not spend their time working on SGML standards.
This User's Guide is intended to encourage and assist people wishing
to develop high quality IT applications on the World Wide Web and set
high standards of document design and management. We assume a
familiarity with the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>, but the reader is not expected to be
an expert in SGML.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">We have received help and encouragement from many people during the
development of the International Standard and this User's Guide. Many
members of the IETF HTML Working Group commented on the early strawman
which led to the formal introduction of the ISO-HTML project. We also
received assistance from the staff of the World Wide Web Consortium
(W3C) and from people in W3C member organizations. We have worked in
close cooperation with the W3C Working Group which developed the HTML
Recommendation, and at the invitation of the W3C, we have taken the
<A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> as a referenced text. The ISO/IEC Working Group responsible
for the SGML family of standards have provided us with direction, and
encouraged and supported our close liaison with the W3C. We have also
received help directly from members of National Bodies and from
members of the public commenting in general mailing lists. A special
word of thanks and appreciation is due to Dave Raggett who accepted an
invitation to act as Invited Expert at the Dublin meeting held in July
1997 which established the principle of technically harmonized text,
and made ISO-HTML a true subset of the W3C HTML specification.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"> This Guide is not a formal document, neither is it
intended as a reference specification, and it is not appropriate to
cite it as such. However, if you the reader find it useful, then we
will have met our objectives.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="DMA.jpg">David M. Abrahamson</A><BR>
Trinity College Dublin.<BR>
<CODE>d a v i d at c s dot t c d dot i e</CODE>
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="RP.jpg">Roger Price</A><BR>
University of Massachusetts Lowell.<BR>
<CODE>r p r i c e at c s dot u m l dot e d u</CODE>
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.SECONDEDITION"><A CLASS="UG" ID="SECONDEDITION" NAME="SECONDEDITION">Foreword to
second edition of the User's Guide</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">This second edition of the User's Guide, and the International Standard, are now
generated from the same source file using ISO 8879 based technology,
thus simplifying maintenance and ensuring technical alignment. The
common source file is marked up using the Pre-HTML DTD specified in
this User's Guide and then transformed to conforming instances of ISO/IEC
15445 using the technique described in the chapter "<A HREF="#DOCPREP">Document preparation</A>".
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The additional material added by the Guide is marked up with the
attribute <CODE>class="UG"</CODE>. A W3C <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512">CSS2</A>
style sheet associates class "<CODE>UG</CODE>" with the style of this
paragraph. <SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">The text introduced by Technical
Corrigendum 1 is highlighted in this style.</SPAN> If there is to be a
Technical Correndum 2, <SPAN CLASS="TC2-UG">it will be highlighted in
this style</SPAN>, <SPAN CLASS="TC3-UG">and so on...</SPAN>
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Acknowledgements</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">We would like to thank Russell O'Connor, Michael Huang, Nicolas
Lesbats and Edward Welbourne for their helpful comments and
suggestions.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.COPYRIGHT"><A CLASS="UG" ID="COPYRIGHT" NAME="COPYRIGHT">Copyright notice</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">Copyright © 2000-2003 Roger Price, David Abrahamson. All Rights
Reserved.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">This guide is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the <A HREF="http://www.fsf.org">Free
Software Foundation</A>, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307, USA.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The names of the copyright holders may NOT be used in advertising or
publicity pertaining to this document or its contents without
specific, written prior permission.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">This document describes ISO/IEC 15445:2000 which is subject to IETF,
W3C (MIT, Inria, Keio) and ISO/IEC copyright. Because the
U.S. Department of Energy, has supported the development of International Standards by
JTC1/SC34 (under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400), it makes the following
assertion about the International Standard:
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="quote">
<P CLASS="UG">The U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable,
world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of these
documents, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public,
and perform publicly and display publicly, or to allow others to do
so, for U.S. Government purposes.</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.INTRO"><A ID="INTRO" NAME="INTRO">Introduction</A></H2>
<P>The HyperText Markup Language (<ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>) is an application of the
International Standard <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> 8879 -- Standard Generalized Markup
Language (<ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR>). It provides a simple way of structuring hypertext
documents and of placing references in one document which point to
another. <SPAN CLASS="UG">These references, called "links",
may be presented to readers of a document in such a way that a simple
"click" summons the other document, which is then presented to the
reader. The reader has the impression of moving from one document to
another. This simple user interface has been wildly successful and as
a result the World Wide Web, the "web", has become extremely
popular.</SPAN>
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">In the frenzy of the growth, much of the discipline and good practice
of the mature SGML world has been lost, and browser developers have
added additional features to the markup language such as new tags and
new semantics for tags. As a result, many documents have been created
which can only be rendered faithfully on a limited number of browsers.
Common web practice is to hide any syntactic problems detected by the
browsers and thus the reader is not aware that a page being browsed is
not always faithful to the original authored document.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard was developed in an effort to ensure that
it will remain possible for an author to produce simple hypertext for
the web and be confident that a conforming browser will be able to
render the document faithfully. ISO/IEC 15445 represents a core of
the language to be supported by all conforming browsers, authoring and
validating systems.
This International Standard is a refinement of the World Wide Web
Consortium's (<ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR>'s) Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> 4.0: it provides
further rules to condition and refine the use of the <ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR>
Recommendation in a way which emphasizes the use of stable and mature
features, and represents accepted <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> practice. Documents which
conform to this International Standard also conform to the strict <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR> provided by
the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML omits all deprecated features of the language, features whose
role is purely cosmetic, and features which are still unstable or
immature. This has been done in preparation for the expected wide
adoption of style sheets by authors and browser manufacturers.
Certain optional facilities such as markup omission of the document
and other major elements have been removed to produce more robust
texts in keeping with recognized good SGML practice. This does not
reduce in any way the expressive power of the language.
</P>
<P>This International Standard makes a clear and important distinction between <A HREF="#SYSCONF"><EM>conforming</EM> systems</A>
and <A HREF="#SYSVALID"><EM>validating</EM> systems</A>. A conforming system operates correctly when handling
<A HREF="#DOCCONF">documents which conform to this
International Standard</A>, but is not required to operate correctly when
the documents do not conform. A validating system is more powerful:
it detects all <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> and <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> errors in a document<SPAN CLASS="UG">, and must be able to certify that a document is valid
ISO-HTML</SPAN>. Frequently browsers are conforming systems
whereas authoring tools <SPAN CLASS="UG">should</SPAN>
check for validity. <SPAN CLASS="UG">Authoring tools which
issue broken, non conforming pages are a major cause of the low
quality of many sites.</SPAN>
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: A conforming system is not sufficient to validate an ISO-HTML
document. A validating system is required.</P>
<P>This International Standard does not define error handling procedures <SPAN CLASS="UG">for user agents: It emphasises validation at source rather
than error handling at the destination</SPAN>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">A minimal ISO-HTML document has the form:</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Les unit&eacute;s de base</TITLE></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG"><EM>... other head elements ...</EM>
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<P>La seconde...</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG"><EM>... remainder of document body ...</EM>
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE></BODY>
</HTML></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">This User's Guide follows the convention of presenting element and attribute
names in upper case, although there is no formal requirement for the
practice.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: ISO-HTML is an application of SGML and the <A HREF="#DCL">SGML
declaration</A> used calls for upper case folding of all names except
entity names. (<A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1">XHTML</A><SUP>TM</SUP> is an
application of <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">XML</A><SUP>TM</SUP> and has an SGML
declaration which does not call for upper case folding, ie. XHTML
names are case sensitive whereas names in ISO-HTML and the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>
are not.)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">In order to support world wide use of the markup language, the
internationalization facilities specified by the IETF in RFC2070 have
been included in the International Standard. It is recognised that full compliance to
RFC2070 will be progressive and the conformance clause allows for
progressive compliance to the use of ISO 10646.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.P.123"><A ID="P.123" NAME="P.123"><SPAN CLASS="UG">References to the W3C
Recommendation</SPAN></A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">To facilitate the use of this User's Guide, frequent references are provided
to the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>. These take two forms: hyperlinks to the W3C's
electronic sources, and clause number references to the W3C's printed
version of their specification in the style [W3C 12.3].
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.RELATED"><A ID="RELATED" NAME="RELATED"><SPAN CLASS="UG">Related work</SPAN></A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The World Wide Web Consortium have prepared a Recommendation for <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1">XHTML</A><SUP>TM</SUP> which recasts the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>
as an application of <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">XML</A>.
</P>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.SCOPE"><A ID="SCOPE" NAME="SCOPE">1 Scope</A></H2>
<P>The scope of this International Standard is a conforming application of <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> 8879,
<ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR>. This International Standard describes the way in which the <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> language
specified by the following clauses in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> shall be used, and
does so by identifying all the differences between the <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> language
specified by the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> and the <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> language defined by this
International Standard:
</P>
<UL>
<LI>Clause 2: Introduction to <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> 4.0.</LI>
<LI>Clause 5: <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> Document Representation.</LI>
<LI>Clause 6: Basic <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> data types, excluding subclauses 6.5, 6.14 and 6.16.</LI>
<LI>Clause 7: The global structure of an <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> document.</LI>
<LI>Clause 8: Language information and text direction.</LI>
<LI>Clause 9: Text.</LI>
<LI>Clause 10: Lists, excluding subclause 10.4.</LI>
<LI>Clause 11: Tables.</LI>
<LI>Clause 12: Links.</LI>
<LI>Clause 13: Objects, Images and Applets, excluding subclauses
13.4 and 13.7.</LI>
<LI>Clause 14: Style Sheets, excluding subclause 14.2.2.</LI>
<LI>Subclause 15.2.1: Font style <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element [type]</A>s, excluding the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BIG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-BIG"><BIG></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1],
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SMALL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-SMALL"><SMALL></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type STRIKE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-STRIKE"><STRIKE></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type S" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-S"><S></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type U" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-U"><U></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1] <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element [type]</A>s. </LI>
<LI>Subclause 15.3: Rules: the HR <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element [type]</A>.</LI>
<LI>Clause 17: Forms.</LI>
<LI>Clause 24: Character entity references in <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> 4.0.</LI>
<LI>Clause "References": Normative references and informative references.</LI>
</UL>
<P>The scope excludes any material in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> not listed in this
clause. <SPAN CLASS="UG">It also excludes any
standardization of models, services, systems, protocols or
applications which are likely to make use of the ISO-HTML language.
ISO-HTML does not define the "look and feel" of any conforming
product, and provides only sufficient semantics to allow a reader who
is familiar with the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> to have an intuitive idea of the
requirement.</SPAN>
</P>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.CONF"><A ID="CONF" NAME="CONF">2 Conformance</A></H2>
<P>This International Standard distinguishes between <EM>conforming documents</EM>,
<EM>validating</EM> systems, <EM>conforming</EM> systems and
<EM>character set conformance</EM>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The distinction between <EM>validating</EM> systems and
<EM>conforming</EM> systems is very important.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">A validating system is one that is able to verify that the document it
is processing contains correct HTML. If the document is correct, the
validator certifies it as such; if not, the validator identifies the
errors. The notion of <EM>validation</EM> is currently poorly defined
on the World Wide Web and many authors assume wrongly that their
browser may be used to check out the pages they write.
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="quote">
<P CLASS="UG">I tried it with my browser and it worked!</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P CLASS="UG">is an all too common mistake, and is the source of many errors and
broken pages.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML insists that a validator requires an SGML parser since
ISO-HTML makes full use of the underlying SGML language. Conforming
systems do not require an SGML parser since they merely promise to
operate correctly provided that the documents they process are already
validated as conforming to ISO-HTML.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: It is possible for a system that is simply "conforming" to
identify many errors in an invalid document, and notification of such
errors could be of value to a user, but it is not "validating" unless
it can detect all errors.</P>
<H3 CLASS="subclause" ID="CL.DOCCONF"><A ID="DOCCONF" NAME="DOCCONF">2.1 Conforming documents</A></H3>
<P>A document which conforms to this International Standard shall </P>
<OL>
<LI>Be a conforming <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> document consisting of a required <A TITLE="Specification of document type declaration" HREF="#DOCTYPE">document type declaration</A>, followed by a single
document instance, contained within an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HTML" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HTML"><HTML></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.3] document element. The
<A TITLE="Specification of document type declaration" HREF="#DOCTYPE">document type declaration</A> may be surrounded by
white space consisting of <ABBR TITLE="Record Start character" LANG="EN">RS</ABBR>, <ABBR TITLE="Record End character" LANG="EN">RE</ABBR>, <ABBR TITLE="Space character" LANG="EN">SPACE</ABBR>, <ABBR TITLE="Horizontal tab character" LANG="EN">TAB</ABBR> and <A TITLE="Specification of a comment" HREF="#COMMENT"><ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
comments</A>. The document instance may also be followed by such
white space.
</LI>
<LI>Meet the requirements of this International Standard.</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG">In other words, to be a <EM>conforming document</EM>, documents are
required to have the following structure:
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Optional white space.
<P CLASS="note-UG">"White space" is the term used by programmers for
the characters between tokens, even if the style sheet makes them
appear in some other colour. We will use the common term.
</P></LI>
<LI>A required <A HREF="#DOCTYPE">document type declaration</A>.</LI>
<LI>Optional white space.</LI>
<LI>A single document instance, contained in an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HTML" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HTML"><HTML></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.3] document
element.</LI>
<LI>Optional white space.</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG">White space consists of the SGML-defined characters RS (record start),
RE (record end), SEPCHAR (tab) and SPACE [8879 9.2.1 figure 2],
and <A HREF="#COMMENT">ISO-HTML comments</A>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subclause" ID="CL.SYSVALID"><A ID="SYSVALID" NAME="SYSVALID">2.2 Validating systems</A></H3>
<P>An <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> system is a validating <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> system if</P>
<OL>
<LI>It is a validating <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> parser as defined by <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> 8879
subclause 15.4; and
</LI>
<LI>It is able to process any conforming <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
document; and </LI>
<LI>It finds and reports an <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> error if one exits; and</LI>
<LI>It does not report an <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> error where none exists.</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard does not say how the validation system is to report the
errors: whether this is "one at a time" or "all at once" is left to
the implementor. The SP parser provides the <CODE>-E</CODE> option
with which the user may specify a maximum number of error messages to
be displayed. This is useful for checking pages of possibly very low
quality.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: This requires more than a validating SGML parser is able to
offer, nevertheless a validation by an SGML parser is an essential
first step. Some of the ISO-HTML errors a validating system is
required to detect cannot be detected by an SGML parser, and require
further processing.</P>
<H4 ID="VALDOC">2.2.1 Documentation of validating systems</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">Validating systems are required by ISO-HTML to display a text
identifying them clearly as validating systems.
</P>
<P>Validating systems conforming to this International Standard shall display the
following identification text prominently and in the national language
of the documentation:</P>
<OL>
<LI>In a prominent location in the front matter of publications
(normally the title and cover pages),</LI>
<LI>On identifying displays of programs, <SPAN CLASS="UG">(presumably the introductory page, not all pages)</SPAN></LI>
<LI>In promotional and training material.</LI>
</OL>
<P>The <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> validating system identification text is:
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>An <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> validating system conforming to International Standard
<ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 15445—HyperText Markup Language, and International
Standard <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> 8879—Standard Generalized Markup Language
(<ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR>).</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The validating system identification text is copyrighted by the
<ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR>, but may be used without further permission or further
reference to the <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR>.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: Neither the ISO nor the IEC provide a certification service, nor
do they provide an icon to indentify validating or conforming systems.
The ISO and IEC icons are copyrighted and <STRONG>cannot be
used</STRONG> without the permission of those organisations. The
International Standard gives permission to use the identification text but not the
icon.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subclause" ID="CL.SYSCONF"><A ID="SYSCONF" NAME="SYSCONF">2.3 Conforming systems</A></H3>
<P>A conforming <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> system is an <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> system which is able to
process all documents conforming to this standard.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard says nothing about error handling or the processing
of non-conforming documents. The basic creed is that in a high
quality web application, all documents are validated as conforming
before publication, and that conforming documents are sent to
conforming user agents to obtain correct results.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Nevertheless, a prudent implementor of a program which is just a
conforming system would be wise to guard against broken HTML, perhaps
maliciously fed to the program in an attempt to provoke a buffer
overrun and defeat security mechanisms.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.CONFDOC"><A ID="CONFDOC" NAME="CONFDOC">2.3.1 Documentation of conforming
<ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> systems</A></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">The documentation of conforming systems in much the same way as
validating systems. The only difference is the identifying text
itself. It is important that the documentation not claim or suggest
that a conforming system may be used to validate ISO-HTML documents.
</P>
<P>Conforming systems shall display the following identification text
prominently and in the national language of the documentation:
</P>
<OL>
<LI>In a prominent location in the front matter of publications
(normally the title and cover pages),</LI>
<LI>On identifying displays of programs,</LI>
<LI>In promotional and training material.</LI>
</OL>
<P>The <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> conforming system identification text is:
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>An <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> system conforming to International Standard <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR>
15445—HyperText Markup Language.</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>The documentation shall not claim or imply that the system may be used
to validate <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> documents.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subclause" ID="CL.CONFI18N"><A ID="CONFI18N" NAME="CONFI18N">2.4 Character set conformance</A></H3>
<P>The <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> declaration provided with this International Standard calls for the use of
<ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10646 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set
(<ABBR TITLE="Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set" LANG="EN">UCS</ABBR>). <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10646 specifies a large number of facilities
from which different selections may be made to suit individual
applications. <SPAN CLASS="UG"><ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10646 is
potentially very large and although the described character set
portion identified by the <CODE>DESCSET</CODE> keyword [8879 13.1.1.2]
calls for the whole character set, the International Standard does not require that it
is fully implemented in any user agent.</SPAN> As a result it is
only practicable to envisage limited conformance to <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10646
as defined in this subclause.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML takes the same approach as was taken by ISO 2022, and this
subclause is based on ISO 2022 clause 3.
</P>
<P>Under limited conformance, the following is required:</P>
<OL>
<LI>When the characters described by <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10646 are used, they
shall be implemented with the meanings
and coded representation specified in <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10646.
</LI>
<LI>If a server is unable to express a document using the character
set supported by the user agent, it should instead deliver a document
in a limited character set such as <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 646 (often
called ASCII) and explain the problem to the user agent.
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The International Standard does not say how the problem is to be explained.
This is left entirely to the implementor to decide. Neither does the
International Standard discuss any negotiation that might be done, or the operation of
the <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2068.txt">HTTP</A> protocol.</P>
</LI>
<LI>Code positions that are either reserved for registration or
reserved for future standardization shall not be used.
</LI>
<LI>No registered escape sequence shall be used with a meaning other
than that defined by <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10646.</LI>
</OL>
<P>The <ABBR TITLE="Universal Transformation Format" LANG="EN">UTF</ABBR>-1 transformation format of <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10646, registered by
<ABBR TITLE="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority" LANG="EN">IANA</ABBR> as ISO-10646-UTF-1, has been removed from <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10646 and
should not be used.
</P>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.REFS"><A ID="REFS" NAME="REFS">3 Normative references</A></H2>
<P>The following normative documents contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International
Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or
revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However,
parties to agreements based in this International Standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to
applies. Members of <ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> and <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> maintain registers of currently
valid International Standards.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: In an ISO/IEC specification, a normative reference has the
effect of including all the provisions of the referenced text into the
referencing text. The W3C Recommendation itself contains normative
references, but it is implicit that the effect is not one of "total
normative inclusion". The W3C normative references appear to be
closer in spirit to ISO/IEC informative references defining good
practice, and we recommend that they should be treated as such.
</P>
<P>This International Standard refers normatively to:
</P>
<UL>
<LI>Those clauses and subclauses of the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>
which are listed in the <A TITLE="Text of clause 1" HREF="#SCOPE">scope clause</A> of this International Standard.
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The <ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation contains futher normative references and
defines their application.
</P></LI>
<LI><ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10744 — Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language
(<ABBR TITLE="Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language" LANG="EN">HyTime</ABBR>)
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10744 <ABBR TITLE="Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language" LANG="EN">HyTime</ABBR> provides the techniques required to
allow <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> to be used as a base architecture for other <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR>
applications.
</P><P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: <A HREF="http://www.hytime.org">HyTime</A> is a large, 472 pages, and
complex International Standard which provides a language and
underlying model for the representation of "hyperdocuments" that link
and synchronize static and dynamic (time-based) information contained
in multiple conventional and multimedia documents and information
objects. The language is known as the "Hypermedia/Time-based
Structuring Language", or "HyTime". HyTime is an application of SGML.
In Annex A.3.1.1 it defines <EM>architectural forms</EM> which are
fragments of DTD that may be incorporated into some other DTD. HyTime
provides syntax to specify the fragment. The ISO-HTML DTD may be used
as such an <A HREF="#ARCHSUPP">architectural form</A>.
</P></LI>
</UL>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.DEFS"><A ID="DEFS" NAME="DEFS">4 Definitions</A></H2>
<P>For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> 8879:1986
and the following definitions apply:
</P>
<DL>
<DT>4.1 Browser </DT>
<DD>A user agent whose main function is to present documents to a user.
</DD>
<DT>4.2 Character
</DT>
<DD><EM>(Source: <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR>1866)</EM> An atom of information, for example a
letter or a digit. Graphic characters have associated glyphs, whereas
control characters have associated processing semantics.
</DD>
<DT>4.3 Character encoding scheme
</DT>
<DD><EM>(Source: <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR>1866)</EM> A function whose domain is the set of
sequences of octets, and whose range is the set of sequences of
characters from a character repertoire; that is, a sequence of octets
and a character encoding scheme determining a sequence of characters.
</DD>
<DT>4.4 Character repertoire
</DT>
<DD><EM>(Source: <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR>1866)</EM> A finite set of characters; eg. the range
of a coded character set.
</DD>
<DT>4.5 Code position
</DT>
<DD><EM>(Source: <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR>1866)</EM> An integer in the domain of a coded
character set. The coded character set maps the code position to a
character.
</DD>
<DT>4.6 Coded character set
</DT>
<DD><EM>(Source: <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR>1866)</EM> A function whose domain is a subset of
the integers and whose range is a character repertoire; that is, for
some set of integers (usually of the form {0, 1, 2, ..., N-1}), a coded
character set and an integer in that set determine a character.
Conversely, a character and a coded character set determine the
character's code position (or, in rare cases, a few code positions).
</DD>
<DT>4.7 <ABBR TITLE="Carriage Return" LANG="EN">CR</ABBR><ABBR TITLE="Line Feed" LANG="EN">LF</ABBR>
</DT>
<DD><EM>(Source: <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR>1521)</EM> The sequence of the two <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR>
646:1991 characters <ABBR TITLE="Carriage Return" LANG="EN">CR</ABBR> (13) and <ABBR TITLE="Line Feed" LANG="EN">LF</ABBR> (10) which, taken together, in
this order, denote a line break.
</DD>
<DT>4.8 Form data set
</DT>
<DD><EM>(Source: <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR>1866)</EM> A sequence of name/value pairs; the
names given by an <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> document and the values given by the user.
</DD>
<DT>4.9 Fragment identifier
</DT>
<DD><EM>(Source: <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR>1866)</EM> The portion of an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> attribute
value following the `<CODE>#</CODE>' character.
</DD>
<DT>4.10 <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> browser
</DT>
<DD>A browser which presents <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> documents.
</DD>
<DT>4.11 <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> document
</DT>
<DD>A document structured in accordance with this International Standard.
</DD>
<DT>4.12 Hyperlink
</DT>
<DD>A relationship between two anchors, called the source and the
target. The link goes from the source to the target. The source is
also known as the tail, and the target is also known as the
destination or head.
</DD>
<DT>4.13 User Agent (in the World Wide Web)
</DT>
<DD>A software or hardware device which accepts user input and
presents to the user the World Wide Web's interpretation of that
input.
</DD>
</DL>
<P CLASS="UG">All the definitions of SGML are incorporated into ISO-HTML.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The multiple definitions and techniques for the representation of
characters may be the source of confusion. The following figure shows
some of the ideas involved. It is based on the character set defined
by ISO 8859-1:1987 "8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets",
Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1.
</P>
<P CLASS="figure-UG"><IMG ALT="Relationship of character name to glyph, numerical value and ISOlat1 entity" LONGDESC="#CHARS.LONGDESC" SRC="chars.png">
<A ID="CHARS.FIG" HREF="#CHARS.LONGDESC" NAME="CHARS.FIG">[D]</A></P>
<P CLASS="caption-UG">Figure 1: Illustration of some character representation definitions.
</P>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.SYMABB"><A ID="SYMABB" NAME="SYMABB">5 Symbols and abbreviated terms</A></H2>
<P>The following symbols and abbreviated terms are used in this International Standard:</P>
<DL>
<DT>5.1 <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR></DT>
<DD>HyperText Markup Language. Pertaining to this standard.</DD>
<DT>5.2 <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> 4.0</DT>
<DD>A Recommendation for the HyperText Markup Language
developed by the World Wide Web Consortium.</DD>
<DT>5.3 <ABBR TITLE="Hypertext Transfer Protocol" LANG="EN">HTTP</ABBR></DT>
<DD><ABBR TITLE="Internet Engineering Task Force" LANG="EN">IETF</ABBR> <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR>2068 Hypertext Transfer Protocol.</DD>
<DT>5.4 <ABBR TITLE="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority" LANG="EN">IANA</ABBR></DT>
<DD>Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.</DD>
<DT>5.5 <ABBR TITLE="Internet Engineering Task Force" LANG="EN">IETF</ABBR></DT>
<DD>Internet Engineering Task Force.</DD>
<DT>5.6 <ABBR TITLE="Request for Comment" LANG="EN">RFC</ABBR></DT>
<DD>Request for Comments. An Internet Engineering Task Force specification.</DD>
<DT>5.7 <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR></DT>
<DD>Standard Generalized Markup Language. Notation provided through
use of <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> 8879.</DD>
<DT>5.8 <ABBR TITLE="Uniform Resource Identifier" LANG="EN">URI</ABBR></DT>
<DD>Uniform Resource Identifier as defined by RFC2396.</DD>
<DT>5.9 <ABBR TITLE="Uniform Resource Locator" LANG="EN">URL</ABBR></DT>
<DD>Uniform Resource Locator as defined by RFC2396.</DD>
<DT>5.10 <ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web" LANG="EN">WWW</ABBR></DT>
<DD>World Wide Web.</DD>
<DT>5.11 <ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR></DT>
<DD>World Wide Web Consortium, founded in 1994 to develop common
standards for the evolution of the World Wide Web. It is an industry
consortium, hosted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Laboratory for Computer Science (<ABBR TITLE="Massachusetts Institute of Technology" LANG="EN">MIT</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="Laboratory for Computer Science" LANG="EN">LCS</ABBR>) in the United States,
the <SPAN LANG="FR">Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et
en Automatique</SPAN> (<ABBR TITLE="Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique" LANG="FR">Inria</ABBR>) in Europe and the Keio University
Shonan Fujisawa Campus in Asia.</DD>
</DL>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.REQUIREMENTS"><A ID="REQUIREMENTS" NAME="REQUIREMENTS">6 Requirements</A></H2>
<P>This International Standard has been designed to satisfy the following requirements:</P>
<UL>
<LI>Provide a minimum presentation architecture for <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> applications.</LI>
<LI>Clarify relationships between <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> and <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> details, such as
<ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> declaration and minimization.</LI>
<LI>Allow <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> to be used in environments where <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> standards
are required.</LI>
<LI>Allow <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> to be used as a base architecture for other <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR>
applications.
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The techniques for using <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> as a base architecture are
provided by <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> 10744 <ABBR TITLE="Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language" LANG="EN">HyTime</ABBR>.</P></LI>
<LI>Documents conforming to this International Standard should be viewable by browsers
that conform to the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> (or an appropriate later version of
that specification). </LI>
<LI>Define useful subsets of the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> (or an appropriate
later version of that specification).</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard states the requirements it had to meet in terms of the
relationship between ISO-HTML and <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> and the need for ISO-HTML to
be viewable with browsers which conform to the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The underlying requirements were to:</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Provide a stable core for the W3C Recommendation.
</LI>
<LI>Distinguish between "conforming" and "validating" systems, and
provide a basis for contracts which make reference to <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>. For
example an organisation which receives HTML documentation from a
subcontractor might wish to establish formal acceptance criteria as
part of an <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> 9000 based quality plan. The acceptance criteria could
be based on an ISO-HTML validator as defined by the International Standard.
</LI>
<LI>Reinforce the W3C text. The <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> sometimes "recommends" or
"deprecates" practices which we believe should be required or
forbidden, but the requirement cannot be made normative by the W3C
because of the need for backward compatibility. There is no backward
compatibility requirement for ISO-HTML and such requirements can be
made normative. An example of such a practice is the required
structuring of sections and subsections.
</LI>
<LI>Encourage good <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> practice, such as the use of the
<CODE>id</CODE> attribute rather than the <CODE>name</CODE> attribute.
This allows an <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> parser to check that the value is unique.
</LI>
<LI>Facilitate the use of <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> in situations, such as government
procurement, where the use of <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR> International Standards is
required.
</LI>
<LI>Reinforce the practice of separating content and style by
excluding all elements such as <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FONT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-FONT"><FONT></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.2] and attributes such
as <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute BGCOLOR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#adef-bgcolor">BGCOLOR</A></CODE> which provide style rather than structure.</LI>
</OL>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.REFTEXT"><A ID="REFTEXT" NAME="REFTEXT">7 Use of the referenced text</A></H2>
<P CLASS="UG">Throughout this User's Guide, references to the printed version of the
referenced text are given in the abbreviated style [W3C 12.3].
</P>
<P>The set of <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s provided by this International Standard is a subset
of the set of <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element [type]</A>s defined by the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>. The set of
attributes provided for each <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A> included in this
International Standard is a subset of the corresponding set defined by the
<A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>. The set of <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s and the sets of attributes are
defined by the <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR> provided with this International Standard.
</P>
<P>Where refinements are defined for <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s and attributes, the
semantics are a subset of the semantics defined by the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> in
the sense that the set of documents conforming to this International Standard
is a subset of those conforming to the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: For clarity, and as required by <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> 8879, this International Standard makes a
distinction between an individual element with a given generic
identifier and the class of all such elements. The class is called an
<A ID="ELEMENTTYPE" NAME="ELEMENTTYPE"><EM>element type</EM></A>, the
instance is called an <EM>element</EM> and the generic identifier is
called an <EM>element type name</EM>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO 8879 distinguishes between <EM>element type</EM>
[8879 11.2.1] and <EM>element</EM> [8879 7.3], which is an
instance of the type, whereas the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> uses the term "element"
for both <EM>element</EM> and <EM>element type</EM>. This guide
follows the ISO practice, and when quoting from the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> inserts
the missing word in square brackets when it is needed,
eg. <EM>[type]</EM>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.UNREFINED"><A ID="UNREFINED" NAME="UNREFINED"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">7.1
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">Element [type]</A>s defined by the W3C Recommendation</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">While the syntax of ISO-HTML is defined by the DTD provided by the
International Standard, the semantics of the following <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s are defined
normatively in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>:
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type ABBR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-ABBR"><ABBR></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Abbreviation</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type ACRONYM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-ACRONYM"><ACRONYM></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Acronym</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type B" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-B"><B></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1]—Bold character style</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BDO" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#edef-BDO"><BDO></A></CODE>
[W3C 8.2.4]—Bidirectional override</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-BR"><BR></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.3.2]—Line break</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type CAPTION" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-CAPTION"><CAPTION></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.2]—Table caption</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type CITE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-CITE"><CITE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Citation</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type CODE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-CODE"><CODE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Program code</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-DD"><DD></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.3]—Definition data</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DEL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-del"><DEL></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.4]—Deleted material</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DFN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-DFN"><DFN></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Defining instance</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DIV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-DIV"><DIV></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.4]—Document division</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-DL"><DL></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.3]—Definition list</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-DT"><DT></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.3]—Definition term</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type EM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-EM"><EM></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Emphasized text</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10]—Group of form items</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3]—Forms</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-HR"><HR></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.3]—Horizontal rule</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type I" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-I"><I></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1]—Italic character style</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-ins"><INS></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.4]—Inserted material</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type KBD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-KBD"><KBD></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Keyboard input</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LEGEND" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-LEGEND"><LEGEND></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10]—Fieldset label</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LI" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-LI"><LI></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2]—List item</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type META" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-META"><META></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.4.4]—Document meta-information</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-OL"><OL></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2]—Ordered list</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OPTGROUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-OPTGROUP"><OPTGROUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.6]—Group of user choices</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OPTION" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-OPTION"><OPTION></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.6]—User choice</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type P" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-P"><P></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.3.1]—Paragraph</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type PARAM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-PARAM"><PARAM></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.3.2]—Agent interface parameter</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type PRE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-PRE"><PRE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.3.4]—Preformatted text</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SAMP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SAMP"><SAMP></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Sample output</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SELECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-SELECT"><SELECT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.6]—Form selection</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SPAN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-SPAN"><SPAN></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.4]—Generic container</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type STRONG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-STRONG"><STRONG></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Strong emphasis</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SUB" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SUB"><SUB></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.3]—Subscript character style</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SUP"><SUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.3]—Superscript character style</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TEXTAREA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-TEXTAREA"><TEXTAREA></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.7]—Multi-line text field</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TFOOT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TFOOT"><TFOOT></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.3]—Table footer</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type THEAD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-THEAD"><THEAD></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.3]—Table header cell</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-TITLE"><TITLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.4.2]—Document title</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-TT"><TT></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1]—Monospaced character style</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type UL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-UL"><UL></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2]—Unordered list</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type VAR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-VAR"><VAR></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1]—Generic variable</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: In case you are curious, the lettered list is the official ISO
style for lists.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.REFINED"><A ID="REFINED" NAME="REFINED"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">7.2
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">Element [type]</A>s refined by ISO-HTML</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The definitions of the following <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s are refined by the International Standard:
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2]—<A HREF="#A">Source and target anchors</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type ADDRESS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-ADDRESS"><ADDRESS></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.6]—<A HREF="#ADDRESS">Author's address</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type AREA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-AREA"><AREA></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1]—<A HREF="#AREA">Image map region</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BLOCKQUOTE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-BLOCKQUOTE"><BLOCKQUOTE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.2]—<A HREF="#BLOCKQUOTE">Block quotation</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BODY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-BODY"><BODY></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.1]—<A HREF="#BODY">Document body</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5]—<A HREF="#BUTTON">Selectable input mechanism</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type COL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-COL"><COL></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.4]—<A HREF="#COL">Table column properties</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type COLGROUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-COLGROUP"><COLGROUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.4]—<A HREF="#COLGROUP">Table column group properties</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HEAD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HEAD"><HEAD></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.4.1]—<A HREF="#HEAD">Document header</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HTML" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HTML"><HTML></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.3]—<A HREF="#HTML">Document instance</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H1" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H1"><H1></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5]—<A HREF="#H1">Major section header</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H2" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H2"><H2></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5]—<A HREF="#H2">Section header</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H3" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H3"><H3></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5]—<A HREF="#H3">Subsection header</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H4" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H4"><H4></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5]—<A HREF="#H4">Subsubsection header</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H5" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H5"><H5></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5]—<A HREF="#H5">Subsubsubsection header</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5]—<A HREF="#H6">Minor subsubsubsection header</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2]—<A HREF="#IMG">Inline images</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4]—<A HREF="#INPUT">User input field</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LABEL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-LABEL"><LABEL></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.9.1]—<A HREF="#LABEL">Form field label</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LINK" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-LINK"><LINK></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.3]—<A HREF="#LINK">Interdocument relations</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1]—<A HREF="#MAP">Client-side image map</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OBJECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-OBJECT"><OBJECT></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.3]—<A HREF="#OBJECT">Simple agent</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type Q" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-Q"><Q></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.2]—<A HREF="#Q">Quote</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type STYLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/styles.html#edef-STYLE"><STYLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 14.2.3]—<A HREF="#STYLE">Style specification</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TABLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE"><TABLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.1]—<A HREF="#TABLE">Tables</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TBODY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TBODY"><TBODY></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.3]—<A HREF="#BODY">Table body</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TD"><TD></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.6]—<A HREF="#TD">Table data cell</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TH" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TH"><TH></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.6]—<A HREF="#TH">Table header cell</A></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TR"><TR></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.5]—<A HREF="#TR">Table row</A></LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG">Any <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A> not listed in this or the preceding subclause is
excluded from the International Standard.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.OMITTED"><A ID="OMITTED" NAME="OMITTED"><SPAN CLASS="UG">7.3 Attributes
omitted by ISO-HTML</SPAN></A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> provides a number of attributes that are not supported
by the International Standard. They have been omitted because they are used to
describe appearance rather than structure, or because the feature is
considered to be still too unstable or immature for an International
Standard.
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ALIGN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#adef-align">ALIGN</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ALINK" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-alink">ALINK</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ALT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-alt">ALT</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ARCHIVE of element OBJECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-archive-OBJECT">ARCHIVE</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OBJECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-OBJECT"><OBJECT></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.3].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute BACKGROUND" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-background">BACKGROUND</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BODY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-BODY"><BODY></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.1].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute BGCOLOR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#adef-bgcolor">BGCOLOR</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute BORDER of element TABLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-border-TABLE">BORDER</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CELLPADDING" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-cellpadding">CELLPADDING</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TABLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE"><TABLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.1].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CELLSPACING" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-cellspacing">CELLSPACING</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TABLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE"><TABLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.1].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CHAR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-char">CHAR</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CHAROFF" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-charoff">CHAROFF</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLEAR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#adef-clear">CLEAR</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-BR"><BR></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.3.2].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COMPACT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#adef-compact">COMPACT</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COORDS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-coords">COORDS</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute FRAME" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-frame">FRAME</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TABLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE"><TABLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.1].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HEIGHT of element IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-height-IMG">HEIGHT</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HSPACE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-hspace">HSPACE</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LINK" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-link">LINK</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BODY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-BODY"><BODY></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.1].</LI>
<LI><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG"><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-FORM">NAME</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3].</SPAN></LI>
<LI><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG"><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-name-IMG">NAME</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2].</SPAN></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NOSHADE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#adef-noshade">NOSHADE</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-HR"><HR></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.3].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NOWRAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-nowrap">NOWRAP</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TD"><TD></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.6] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TH" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TH"><TH></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.6].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONBLUR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onblur">ONBLUR</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONCHANGE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onchange">ONCHANGE</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONCLICK" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onclick">ONCLICK</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONDBLCLICK" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-ondbclick">ONDBLCLICK</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONFOCUS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onfocus">ONFOCUS</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONKEYDOWN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onkeydown">ONKEYDOWN</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONKEYPRESS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onkeypress">ONKEYPRESS</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONKEYUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onkeyup">ONKEYUP</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONLOAD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onload">ONLOAD</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONMOUSEDOWN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onmousedown">ONMOUSEDOWN</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONMOUSEMOVE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onmousemove">ONMOUSEMOVE</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONMOUSEOUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onmouseout">ONMOUSEOUT</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONMOUSEOVER" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onmouseover">ONMOUSEOVER</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONMOUSEUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onmouseup">ONMOUSEUP</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONRESET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onreset">ONRESET</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONSELECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onselect">ONSELECT</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONSUBMIT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onsubmit">ONSUBMIT</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ONUNLOAD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#adef-onunload">ONUNLOAD</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute RULES" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-rules">RULES</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TABLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE"><TABLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.1].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SHAPE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-shape">SHAPE</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SIZE of element HR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#adef-size-HR">SIZE</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-HR"><HR></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.3].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SRC" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-src">SRC</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute START" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#adef-start">START</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-OL"><OL></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute STYLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/styles.html#adef-style">STYLE</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TARGET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/frames.html#adef-target">TARGET</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TEXT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-text">TEXT</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BODY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-BODY"><BODY></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.1]. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element LI" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#adef-type-LI">TYPE</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LI" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-LI"><LI></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-OL"><OL></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type UL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-UL"><UL></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute USEMAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-usemap">USEMAP</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALIGN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-valign">VALIGN</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element LI" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#adef-value-LI">VALUE</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LI" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-LI"><LI></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VERSION" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-version">VERSION</A></CODE>—Omitted from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HTML" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HTML"><HTML></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.3].</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VLINK" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-vlink">VLINK</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VSPACE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-vspace">VSPACE</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute WIDTH of element IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-width-IMG">WIDTH</A></CODE>—Omitted from all elements on which it occurs. </LI>
</OL>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.COMMON"><A ID="COMMON" NAME="COMMON">8 General provisions</A></H2>
<P CLASS="UG">This clause in the International Standard covers matters that are not associated
with a particular element.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subclause" ID="CL.BYTESEX"><A ID="BYTESEX" NAME="BYTESEX">8.1 Byte order</A></H3>
<P>When an <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> text is transmitted as <SPAN CLASS="UG">a
multibyte character set</SPAN> <ABBR TITLE="Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set" LANG="EN">UCS</ABBR>-2 or <ABBR TITLE="Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set" LANG="EN">UCS</ABBR>-4, this International Standard <SPAN CLASS="UG">follows <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2070.txt">RFC2070</A>
and</SPAN> recommends:
</P>
<OL>
<LI>That it be transmitted in big-endian byte order—high order
byte first.
</LI>
<LI>That the <SPAN CLASS="UG">transmitted</SPAN> document
always begin with a ZERO-WIDTH NON-BREAKING SPACE character
(hexadecimal FEFF or 0000FEFF) which, when byte-reversed becomes FFFE
or FFFE0000, a character guaranteed never to be assigned. <SPAN CLASS="UG">Thus a user agent receiving an FFFE as the first two
octets of a text would know that bytes have to be reversed for the
remainder of the text.</SPAN></LI>
</OL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.BLOCK-TEXT"><A ID="BLOCKTEXT" NAME="BLOCKTEXT"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">8.2 Block
and text <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard defines two classes of structure: <EM>block</EM>
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s and <EM>text</EM> <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s. The two classes are
defined in the ISO-HTML DTD by the entities:
</P>
<DL CLASS="UG">
<DT><CODE>%block;</CODE></DT>
<DD>The block class contains the <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BLOCKQUOTE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-BLOCKQUOTE"><BLOCKQUOTE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.2], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DIV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-DIV"><DIV></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.4], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-DL"><DL></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.3],
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-HR"><HR></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.3], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-OL"><OL></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type P" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-P"><P></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.3.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type PRE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-PRE"><PRE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.3.4], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TABLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE"><TABLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.1] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type UL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/lists.html#edef-UL"><UL></A></CODE>
[W3C 10.2].
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The <CODE>%block;</CODE> class corresponds to the %<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %block;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#block">block</A></CODE>;
parameter entity in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>, but excludes the %<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %heading;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#heading">heading</A></CODE>;
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element [type]</A>s and the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type ADDRESS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-ADDRESS"><ADDRESS></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.6] <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element [type]</A>.
</P></DD>
<DT><CODE>%text;</CODE></DT>
<DD>The text class contains parsed character data (PCDATA) [8879 4.228 and
11.2.4] and the subclasses <EM>physical styles</EM>, <EM>logical
styles</EM> and <EM>special</EM>.
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The <CODE>%text;</CODE> class corresponds to the %<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %inline;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#inline">inline</A></CODE>; parameter
entity in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>, but without the %<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %formctrl;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#formctrl">formctrl</A></CODE>; <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element [type]</A>.</P><P>The subclasses are defined by entities:
</P><DL>
<DT><CODE>%physical.styles;</CODE></DT>
<DD>The physical styles subclass contains the <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type B" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-B"><B></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type I" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-I"><I></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1],
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SUB" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SUB"><SUB></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.3], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SUP"><SUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.3] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/graphics.html#edef-TT"><TT></A></CODE>
[W3C 15.2.1].
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The physical styles are called %<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %fontstyle;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#fontstyle">fontstyle</A></CODE>; in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
ISO-HTML adds <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SUB" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SUB"><SUB></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.3] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SUP"><SUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.3] taken from %<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %special;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#special">special</A></CODE>;, and
sorts the set into alphabetical order.
</P></DD>
<DT><CODE>%logical.styles;</CODE></DT>
<DD>The logical styles subclass contains the <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type ABBR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-ABBR"><ABBR></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1],
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type ACRONYM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-ACRONYM"><ACRONYM></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type CITE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-CITE"><CITE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type CODE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-CODE"><CODE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DFN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-DFN"><DFN></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type EM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-EM"><EM></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type KBD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-KBD"><KBD></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SAMP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SAMP"><SAMP></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1],
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type STRONG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-STRONG"><STRONG></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type VAR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-VAR"><VAR></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.1].
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: <CODE>%logical.styles;</CODE> are called %<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %phrase;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#phrase">phrase</A></CODE>; in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
The ISO-HTML DTD presents the elements in alphabetical order.
</P></DD>
<DT><CODE>%special;</CODE></DT>
<DD>The special subclass contains the <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BDO" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#edef-BDO"><BDO></A></CODE>
[W3C 8.2.4], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-BR"><BR></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.3.2],
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OBJECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-OBJECT"><OBJECT></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.3], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type Q" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-Q"><Q></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.2] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SPAN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-SPAN"><SPAN></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.4].
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The ISO-HTML special subclass corresponds to %<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %special;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#special">special</A></CODE>; in the
<A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>, but excludes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SUB" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SUB"><SUB></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.3] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-SUP"><SUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.3] which ISO-HTML considers to
be physical styles. Those that are included are in alphabetical
order.
</P></DD>
</DL></DD>
</DL>
<P CLASS="UG">The distinction between block elements and text elements appears in
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>The content model,</LI>
<LI>Formatting and presentation,</LI>
<LI>Text directionality.</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">For details, see the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.INVOCATION"><A ID="INVOCATION" NAME="INVOCATION">9 Invocation</A></H2>
<P>The <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR> provided by this International Standard has the following formal public
identifiers:</P>
<PRE CLASS="example">"ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HyperText Markup Language//EN"
"ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HTML//EN"</PRE>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The second formal public identifier is shorter, but has exactly
the same meaning as the first.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subclause" ID="CL.DOCTYPE"><A ID="DOCTYPE" NAME="DOCTYPE">9.1 Document type declaration</A></H3>
<P>The <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR> is typically invoked by one of the following declarations:</P>
<PRE CLASS="example"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HyperText Markup Language//EN">
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HTML//EN"></PRE>
<P>The document type declaration shall not include a document type
declaration subset <SPAN CLASS="UG">[8879 11.1]</SPAN>.
</P>
<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR> provides an optional mechanism to facilitate the
production of conforming documents. The optional mechanism, which is
not a part of this International Standard, allows an <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> parser to verify the
correct nesting of sections and requires the use of an alternative
document type declaration which is described in the <A TITLE="Text of the User's Guide" HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/Users-Guide.html">User's Guide to <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR>
15445</A>. The Guide also provides descriptions of the <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR>
techniques used in the documentation preparation process.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.ALTDOCTYPE"><A ID="ALTDOCTYPE" NAME="ALTDOCTYPE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">9.1.1
Document type declaration for preparation of ISO-HTML</SPAN></A></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">The exclusion of the document type declaration subset [8879 11.1]
by the International Standard prevents the use of parameter entities [8879 B.6]
in conforming documents. Parameter entities declared in the subset
can be useful in documents in the same way that macros are useful in
programming languages. We will explain <A HREF="#DOCPREP">later</A> how to take advantage of the power of
parameter entities when preparing ISO-HTML documents. This will
require a modified document type which is invoked by the document type
declaration:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!DOCTYPE Pre-HTML PUBLIC
"-//ISO-HTML User's Guide//DTD Preparation of ISO-HTML//EN"
[<!ENTITY % Preparation "INCLUDE" ></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG"><EM>general entity declarations...</EM></P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>]></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">This modified document type declaration is not a part of the
International Standard, but is useful in preparing documents which
conform to ISO-HTML.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The International Standard and this User's Guide were prepared from a common source
marked up using the modified document type declaration.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subclause" ID="CL.ARCHSUPP"><A ID="ARCHSUPP" NAME="ARCHSUPP">9.2 Architectural support
declaration</A></H3>
<P>In order to use the <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> document type definition as a base
architecture for other <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> applications,
<SPAN CLASS="TC2-UG">one of the the following architectural support
declarations should be used:</SPAN>
</P>
<PRE CLASS="TC2-UG"><CODE><!ENTITY % HtmlDtd PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HTML//EN">
<?IS10744 ArcBase HTML>
<!NOTATION HTML PUBLIC
"-//ISO-HTML User's Guide//NOTATION HTML Architecture//EN">
<!ATTLIST #NOTATION HTML
ArcDTD CDATA #FIXED "%HtmlDtd" -- Meta-DTD entity --
ArcDocF NAME #FIXED "HTML" -- Document element name --
ArcNamrA NAME #IMPLIED -- Default: no renaming --
-- See [HyTime A.3.4.2] --
></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="TC2-UG">or
</P>
<PRE><CODE><?IS10744
arch name="html"
public-id="ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HyperText Markup Language//EN"
dtd-system-id="ftp://ftp.cs.tcd.ie/isohtml/15445.dtd"
renamer-att="HTMLnames"
doc-elem-form="HTML"
></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="TC2note-UG">NOTE: These two architectural support declarations are equivalent.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC2note-UG">NOTE: In the first form, the attribute <CODE>ArcNamrA</CODE> may be
defined as <CODE>ArcNamrA NAME #FIXED "HTMLnames"</CODE> if renaming
is required [HyTime, A.3.5.2].
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The Processing instruction [8879, clause 8] based mechanisms
used in the second form have not yet been published (February 2003).
The International Standard <A HREF="#DEFECT.9">forgot</A> to give the first form.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subclause" ID="CL.DTDCOMMENT"><A ID="DTDCOMMENT" NAME="DTDCOMMENT">9.3 Comments in the DTD</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard makes the comments in the DTD a part of the normative text.
</P>
<P>The comments in the <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR> which use the expressions "shall" or "shall
not" are normative requirements of this International Standard. Comments which use
the expression "should" or "should not" are recommendations of this
International Standard. Comments which use the verbs "recommend" or "deprecate" are
recommendations and deprecations of this International Standard.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: <A TITLE="W3C specification of comments in DTDs" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/intro/sgmltut.html#h-3.3.1">DTD comments</A> in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> are informative only.
</P>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.AVAIL"><A ID="AVAIL" NAME="AVAIL">10 Availability of the <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR></A></H2>
<P CLASS="UG">The <A HREF="#DTD">document type definition (DTD)</A> [8879 11.1]
provided by ISO-HTML is divided into three parts which are grouped
within a single file. Part 1 is a set of entity definitions required
by the DTD and forms the ISO-HTML entity set. Part 2 defines the
ISO-HTML <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s and their content models, and Part 3 defines
the attribute sets for each <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A> and provides additional
normative refinements.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard also provides an <A HREF="#DCL">SGML declaration</A>
[8879 13] which gives instructions to the SGML parser.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The <A HREF="#DCL">ISO-HTML SGML declaration</A> is essentially
the same as the <A TITLE="W3C specification of SGML declaration" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/sgmldecl.html#h-20.1">SGML declaration</A> in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P>
<P>The formal <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> definitions<SPAN CLASS="UG">, i.e the
ISO-HTML DTD and the ISO-HTML SGML declaration</SPAN> are part of
the text of this International Standard and are protected by copyrights held by the <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org">IETF</A>, the <A HREF="http://www.w3.org">W3C</A> (<A HREF="http://www.lcs.mit.edu">MIT</A>, <A HREF="http://www.inria.fr/">Inria</A>, <A HREF="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</A>) and the <A HREF="http://www.iso.ch">ISO</A>/<A HREF="http://www.iec.ch">IEC</A>. Permission to copy is granted provided the
following copyright notice is included with all copies:
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with validating and
conforming systems and applications as defined in <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR>/<ABBR TITLE="International Electrotechnical Commission" LANG="EN">IEC</ABBR>
15445:2000, provided this copyright notice is included with all
copies.</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P CLASS="UG">This provision allows you to make electronic copies of <A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.tcd.ie/isohtml/15445.dtd">the file that contains the ISO-HTML DTD</A> and <A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.tcd.ie/isohtml/15445.dcl">the file that contains the SGML declaration</A>. Make
sure that the copies that you use are pristine. They should have the
following 128 bit MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm checksums specified by
<A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt">RFC1321</A> and calculated by the <A HREF="http://www.fsf.org">GNU</A> md5sum utility for text (not binary) files:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>
52a4de8d16bc469f42801924384d84fa 15445.dcl
cb098831761d5d7458084d6076c2d6eb 15445.dtd</CODE></PRE>
<P> </P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org">OASIS</A> <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalogue</A> fragment described in this User's Guide is
not a part of the International Standard. It may be copied without payment under the
terms of the <A HREF="http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The checksums which appear in this clause are an example of
automatically computed text in an ISO-HTML page. The technique is
described in chapter <A HREF="#DOCPREP">Document preparation</A>.
</P>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.CREDO"><A ID="CREDO" NAME="CREDO">11 Style</A></H2>
<P>This International Standard requires a complete separation of style and content.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard is based on the well established principle that it is good
document design to separate the content of a document from the
intended style in which it is to be presented to a reader. This
facilitates the reprocessing of documents in ways that were not
envisaged when they were created, and thus protects the content
owners' long term investment in documents.
</P>
<P>A <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type STYLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/styles.html#edef-STYLE"><STYLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 14.2.3] element may be used in the head of a document as a
container for a style sheet. The style sheet language is not defined
by this International Standard.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Although the International Standard does not specify a style sheet language, this User's Guide
recommends that authors of ISO-HTML documents use <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512">Cascading Style Sheets</A> as specified by the World
Wide Web Consortium.
</P>
<P>Wherever this International Standard describes a possible presentation, eg. as a
button, the styling information is intended to provide assistance to
the reader in understanding the semantics of the element or attribute.
It is not intended as a normative style requirement.
</P>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.COMMENT"><A ID="COMMENT" NAME="COMMENT">12 Comments in <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR></A></H2>
<P>All comments in <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> document instances shall appear in comment
declarations. There shall be exactly one comment per comment
declaration.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">SGML differentiates between a <EM>comment</EM> [8879 10.3] which
appears between pairs of double hyphens:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>-- This is a comment --</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">and a <EM>comment declaration</EM> [8879 10.3] which has the form
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!--comment-- --comment-- --comment-- ></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">Notice that a comment may be followed by whitespace. The degenerate case
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">is allowed by SGML. A common beginner's mistake is to place multiple
hyphens in a comment for decorative purposes:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!----------------------------------------------------
Joe: have the Whizz-Bang lawyers check this out:
----------------------------------------------------></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">This example is <STRONG>not</STRONG> valid SGML and it is
<STRONG>not</STRONG> valid ISO-HTML, since the additional hyphens are
not present in multiples of four.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Validating systems should find an SGML error in such invalid examples
(the characters <EM>Joe: have the Whizz-Bang lawyers check this
out:</EM> should not appear in whitespace). We leave you to count the
hyphens and appreciate that you should not write <CODE>--</CODE>
within a comment.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that all comments in ISO-HTML documents appear in
comment declarations [8879 10.3]. There shall be one and only one
comment per comment declaration. For example:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!-- This is a single comment
in a comment declaration. --></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">The intention of this provision is to facilitate the use of popular
user agents which are unable to parse SGML and which cannot handle
comments outside comment declarations.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard allows white space following the comment, so an author
could write:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!-- This is a single comment
followed by white space. --
></CODE></PRE>
<H2 CLASS="chapter" ID="CL.REFINE"><A ID="REFINE" NAME="REFINE"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13 Refinement
of <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s</SPAN></H2>
<P CLASS="UG">The following subchapters describe the refinements that the International Standard
makes to those <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element [type]</A>s defined by the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> which are
included in ISO-HTML.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.A"><A ID="A" NAME="A"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.1 The A
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Source and target anchors</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI>Common attribute <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE>.
<P CLASS="TC2-UG">In order to resolve the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE>/<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> <A HREF="#FOLDING">case folding
contradiction</A>, we recommend that authors satisfy the competing
requirements of SGML and the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> by restricting themselves to
the 40 characters "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.-_:0123456789" for <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE>
and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> values, and for the corresponding <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> values.
</P><P CLASS="UG">Do not assume that the values <CODE>PiZZa</CODE> and
<CODE>pizza</CODE> will match; if they are to match, write both as
<CODE>PIZZA</CODE>. Do not assume that <CODE>PiZZa</CODE> and
<CODE>Pizza</CODE> are different; if they are to be different, write
them as <CODE>PIZZA-1</CODE> and <CODE>PIZZA-2</CODE>.
</P></LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CHARSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-charset">CHARSET</A></CODE>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG"><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COORDS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-coords">COORDS</A></CODE></SPAN>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">The International Standard requires that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COORDS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-coords">COORDS</A></CODE> attribute not be specified if
the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SHAPE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-shape">SHAPE</A></CODE> attribute has the value <CODE>default</CODE>.
</P><P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: Contrary to what one might expect, if the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COORDS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-coords">COORDS</A></CODE> attribute is
omitted, it takes the value <CODE>rect</CODE>, not
<CODE>default</CODE>.
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="TC2-UG">See common attribute <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> above for a recommended restriction to the
character set.
</P><P CLASS="UG">Although the International Standard is silent on the subject, it implies that <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE>
values should be tokenized in the same way as <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> values.
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREFLANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-hreflang">HREFLANG</A></CODE></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="TC2-UG">See common attribute <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> above for a recommended restriction to the
character set.
</P><P CLASS="UG">In order to clarify which names will match, the International Standard requires that
the attribute value to be <EM>tokenized</EM> which means that entity
references and character references are replaced, entity ends and
record starts are removed, and record end and separator characters
(horizontal tabs) are replaced by a space. Any sequence of space
characters is replaced by a single space and leading and trailing
spaces are deleted [8879 7.9.3 and 10.1.7]. As a result the
following examples specify the same <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> value:
</P><PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>NAME="Uncle Joe"</CODE></PRE>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>NAME="
&#85;ncle
&#74;oe
"</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="#VOCAB">In SGML terms</A>, this means that <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> attribute
value specifications are be processed as if the declared value were
NAME even though the declared value is CDATA.
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rel">REL</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rev">REV</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG"><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SHAPE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-shape">SHAPE</A></CODE></SPAN>
</LI>
<LI CLASS="dt"><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-type-A">TYPE</A></CODE>.
</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG"><A ID="SOLUTION.DEFECT.3A" NAME="SOLUTION.DEFECT.3A"></A> The International Standard
recommends that authors of ISO-HTML documents <SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">use
both the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> attribute and the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> attribute. If both are
used, then they shall be given <STRONG>identical</STRONG> values since
this allows an SGML parser to verify that the values for different
anchors are distinct.</SPAN>
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.ADDRESS"><A ID="ADDRESS" NAME="ADDRESS"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.2 The
ADDRESS <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Author's address</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type ADDRESS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-ADDRESS"><ADDRESS></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.6] element indicates the author or originator of a
document or major part of a document. The International Standard discourages its use
for general markup by requiring that it appear only in the content of
the elements: <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BLOCKQUOTE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-BLOCKQUOTE"><BLOCKQUOTE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.2], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BODY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-BODY"><BODY></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DIV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-DIV"><DIV></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.4], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3] and
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OBJECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-OBJECT"><OBJECT></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.3].
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type ADDRESS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-ADDRESS"><ADDRESS></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.6] element should not to be used to markup, for example,
a list of addresses of the members of a club.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.AREA"><A ID="AREA" NAME="AREA"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.3 The AREA
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Image map region</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML resticts the attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type AREA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-AREA"><AREA></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] element to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ALT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-alt">ALT</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG"><STRONG>We very strongly recommended that authors provide meaningful
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ALT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-alt">ALT</A></CODE> attributes to support interoperability with speech-based and
text-only agents.</STRONG> See <A TITLE="W3C specification of alternate text techniques" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#h-13.8">13.8 How to specify alternate text</A>. The language and
direction of text are defined by the containing elements.
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COORDS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-coords">COORDS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NOHREF" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-nohref">NOHREF</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SHAPE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-shape">SHAPE</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COORDS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-coords">COORDS</A></CODE> not be specified if <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SHAPE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-shape">SHAPE</A></CODE>
has the value <CODE>default</CODE>.
</P><P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: Contrary to what one might expect, if the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COORDS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-coords">COORDS</A></CODE> attribute is
omitted, it takes the value <CODE>rect</CODE>, not
<CODE>default</CODE>.
</P></LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that a value be provided for the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ALT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-alt">ALT</A></CODE> attribute,
and that one of <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> or <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NOHREF" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-nohref">NOHREF</A></CODE> be specified.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.BLOCKQUOTE"><A ID="BLOCKQUOTE" NAME="BLOCKQUOTE"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.4
The BLOCKQUOTE <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Block quotation</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML strengthens a recommendation in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> by insisting
that the contents of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BLOCKQUOTE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-BLOCKQUOTE"><BLOCKQUOTE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.2] element be specified without
surrounding quotation marks. These may be added by a user agent
through the use of a style sheet.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: Authors have recognized that popular browsers often present the
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BLOCKQUOTE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-BLOCKQUOTE"><BLOCKQUOTE></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.2] contents indented left and right, and they have misused the
element to obtain this formatting effect for text which was not a block
quotation. True block quotations were marked up with quotation
marks such as <CODE>"</CODE>. The W3C try to provide backward
compatibility in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> and this prevents them requiring the
omission of quotation marks. ISO-HTML does not have a backward
compatibility requirement, and can insist on quotation mark omission.
</P>
<H4 ID="BLOCKQUOTE.EX"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.4.1 Example</SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">This example quotes from article 129C of the European Union Treaty.
Here is the markup:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG" LANG="FR"><CODE><BLOCKQUOTE
LANG=fr
TITLE="Trait&eacute; sur l'Union Europ&eacute;enne, Article 129 C.">
<p>
Afin de r&eacute;aliser les objectifs vis&eacute;s &agrave; l'article
129B, la Communaut&eacute; :
<p>
met en oeuvre toute action qui peut s'av&eacute;rer n&eacute;cessaire
pour assurer l'interoperabilit&eacute; des r&eacute;seaux, en
particulier dans le domaine de l'harmonisation des
normes techniques ;
</BLOCKQUOTE></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">The quotation contains two paragraphs which begin with <p> start tags. Note that the end tags </p> have
been omitted. This is allowed in ISO-HTML's SGML-based markup by the
omitted tag minimization [8879 11.2.2] specified in the DTD:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ELEMENT P - O (%text;)+ ></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">The "O" says that end-tags may be omitted. In the World Wide Web
Consortium's Recommendation for <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1">XHTML</A><SUP>TM</SUP> which is an application of <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">XML</A>, such end tag omission is not allowed and the
two end tags </p> would have to be provided. <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">XML</A> has dis-allowed all tag omission.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Here is a possible rendering of the quotation:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG" LANG="FR"><CODE><< Afin de r&eacute;aliser les objectifs vis&eacute;s &agrave; l'article 129B,
la Communaut&eacute; :
met en oeuvre toute action qui peut s'av&eacute;rer n&eacute;cessaire
pour assurer l'interoperabilit&eacute; des r&eacute;seaux, en
particulier dans le domaine de l'harmonisation des
normes techniques ; >></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">Although there is no requirement in SGML or ISO-HTML to place the
value of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE> attribute on a single line, we encourage authors
to do this, to facilitate the use of popular browsers while they move
towards fuller conformance.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.BODY"><A ID="BODY" NAME="BODY"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.5 The BODY
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Document body</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The start tag is required but the end tag is optional. We recommend
that authors include the end tag if the document is to be the subject
of further processing.
</P>
<H4 ID="PRE-BODY"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.5.1 Preparation</SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">In order to facilitate the preparation of conforming ISO-HTML
documents, the User's Guide provides a stricter definition for the content
model of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BODY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-BODY"><BODY></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.1] element.
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ELEMENT BODY - O ((%block;)*,(H1,DIV1)*) +(DEL|INS) ></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">This content model makes use of the element <CODE><DIV1></CODE>, which is not a
part of ISO-HTML, to enforce strictly progressive nesting of sections.
The <CODE><DIV1></CODE> tags generated during the preparation process will be
removed after the document has been validated as conforming to the
strict nesting requirement.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: Authors are not required to place <CODE><DIV1></CODE> tags in
documents; they are deduced automatically by the SGML parser.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.BUTTON">
<A ID="BUTTON" NAME="BUTTON"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.6 The
BUTTON <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Selectable input mechanism</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] element not contain the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2],
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LABEL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-LABEL"><LABEL></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.9.1], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SELECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-SELECT"><SELECT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.6] or
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TEXTAREA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-TEXTAREA"><TEXTAREA></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.7] elements. If the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] element contains an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2]
element, the International Standard requires that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2] not have an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ISMAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-ismap">ISMAP</A></CODE> or
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute USEMAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-usemap">USEMAP</A></CODE> attribute.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DISABLED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-disabled">DISABLED</A></CODE>
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-BUTTON">NAME</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required if the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-BUTTON">TYPE</A></CODE> attribute has the
value <CODE>submit</CODE>.
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-BUTTON">TYPE</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="dd">Specifies the behaviour associated with the button and takes
one of the following values:
</P><UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-BUTTON">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=reset</CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">If the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] is contained in a <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10], the reset action is
limited to the contents of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10].
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-BUTTON">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=submit</CODE>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-BUTTON">VALUE</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required if the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-BUTTON">TYPE</A></CODE> attribute has the
value <CODE>submit</CODE>, and specifies the value to be returned if
the button is selected.
</P></LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML requires that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-BUTTON">TYPE</A></CODE> attribute be provided, and
when the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-BUTTON">TYPE</A></CODE> is specified as <CODE>submit</CODE>, the
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-BUTTON">NAME</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-BUTTON">VALUE</A></CODE> attributes shall be provided.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.COL"><A ID="COL" NAME="COL"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.7 The COL
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Table column properties</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard restricts the attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type COL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-COL"><COL></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.4] element to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SPAN of element COL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-span-COL">SPAN</A></CODE>
</LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.COLGROUP"><A ID="COLGROUP" NAME="COLGROUP"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.8 The
COLGROUP <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Table column group properties</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard restricts the attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type COLGROUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-COLGROUP"><COLGROUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.4] element to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SPAN of element COLGROUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-span-COLGROUP">SPAN</A></CODE>
</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SPAN of element COLGROUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-span-COLGROUP">SPAN</A></CODE> attribute should only be used if the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type COLGROUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-COLGROUP"><COLGROUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.4]
element has no content.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.HEAD">
<A ID="HEAD" NAME="HEAD"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.9 The HEAD
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Document header</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The header of a document provides information about the document
rather than the content of the document. Such
<EM>meta-information</EM> is potentially very important for libraries
and applications based on large document collections. We recommended
that authors give careful attention to their document headers as part
of the overall architecture and design of their applications.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The start tag of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HEAD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HEAD"><HEAD></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.4.1] element is required by ISO-HTML and shall
not be omitted.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Scripting is not yet considered to be sufficiently stable and mature
to be included in an International Standard, so the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HEAD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HEAD"><HEAD></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.4.1] element
content model does not include the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type SCRIPT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/scripts.html#edef-SCRIPT"><SCRIPT></A></CODE>
[W3C 18.2.1] element.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.HTML"><A ID="HTML" NAME="HTML"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.10 The HTML
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Document instance</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">In <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> vocabulary, the element which contains the document instance
is known as the document element [8879 4.99 and 7.2]. Many historic
HTML documents omitted the document element tags, and the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>,
in an effort at backward compatibility, continues to allow omission of
the document element start and end tags. ISO-HTML has no backward
compatibility requirement, and requires that both the start and end
tags of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HTML" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HTML"><HTML></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.3] element be present. They shall not be omitted.
</P>
<H4 ID="CL.PREPARATION"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.10.1 Preparation</SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">This User's Guide provides a specification for an <A HREF="#DOCPREP">"HTML
in preparation"</A> document which facilitates validation. Since the
preparation documents are technically not ISO-HTML, their document
element is changed to <CODE><A TITLE="Users Guide specification of element type Pre-HTML" HREF="#Pre-HTML"><Pre-HTML></A></CODE> to avoid any possible confusion.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.H1">
<A ID="H1" NAME="H1"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.11 The H1
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Major section header</SPAN></H3>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.H1.INTRO"><A CLASS="UG" ID="H1.INTRO" NAME="H1.INTRO">13.11.1
Introduction</A></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">The structural elements <CODE>BODY</CODE>, <CODE>H1</CODE>,
<CODE>P</CODE>, ... were invented in the late 60s and have re-appeared
in many SGML-based markup languages since. An historic example is the
general document DTD (GDOC) [SGML Annex E.1]. The notion of
sectioning that the elements provide is most clear in the industrial
strength <A HREF="#DOCBOOK">DocBook</A> DTD where a
<CODE>chapter</CODE> corresponds to the <CODE>BODY</CODE> of an HTML
page. In DocBook, a typical chapter is
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><chapter><title>My Chapter</title>
<para> ... </para>
<sect1><title>First section</title>
<para> ... </para>
<example> ... </example>
</sect1>
</chapter></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">There are three ideas here:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>The beginning and end of a section, represented by
<CODE>sect</CODE><I>n</I> in DocBook.
</LI>
<LI>The nesting of sections, represented by the <I>n</I>
of <CODE>sect</CODE><I>n</I> in DocBook.
</LI>
<LI>The text of the title, represented by <CODE>title</CODE> in
DocBook.
</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">A document designer, when creating a DTD, needs to have at least two
elements which represent these three ideas in order to fully structure
the document. DocBook has choosen elements to represent the nested
section and the text of the title. HTML has only one element which
represents the text of the title.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The following table shows the correspondance with GDOC, HTML and
Pre-HTML:
</P>
<TABLE SUMMARY="Comparison of sectioning in DocBook, GDOC and HTML">
<CAPTION CLASS="UG">Table 1: Comparison of sectioning in DocBook, GDOC,
HTML and Pre-HTML</CAPTION>
<THEAD>
<TR>
<TH CLASS="UG">DocBook
</TH>
<TH CLASS="UG">GDOC
</TH>
<TH CLASS="UG">HTML
</TH>
<TH CLASS="UG">Pre-HTML</TH>
</TR>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD CLASS="UG">chapter
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">h0
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG"><I>missing</I>
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG"><I>missing</I> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD CLASS="UG">sect1
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">h1
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG"><I>missing</I>
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">DIV1</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD CLASS="UG">sect2
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">h2
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG"><I>missing</I>
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">DIV2</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD CLASS="UG">para
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">p
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">P
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">P</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD CLASS="UG">title
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">h0t, ..., h3t
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">H1, ..., H6
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">H1, ..., H6</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
<P CLASS="UG">HTML appears to put H1, ..., H6 in the "wrong" place, confusing the
text of a title with the beginning of a new nested section.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML considers that the H1, H2,... of HTML still identify sections
even though they contain only the section title. The "H1 section"
exists up to the next H1 or the end of the body.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DIV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-DIV"><DIV></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.4] element in HTML does not have the same nested section
semantics as DocBook's <CODE>sect</CODE><I>n</I>. This is why
ISO-HTML, which is very strict about document structuring, does not
allow <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type DIV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-DIV"><DIV></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.4] to be intermixed with nested sections.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.H1.NEST"><A CLASS="UG" ID="H1.NEST" NAME="H1.NEST">13.11.2 Nesting of
sections</A></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML takes a very strict view of the nesting of sections.
Sections are considered to be important building blocks in documents,
and maintaining the integrity of their relationships is considered
vital. ISO-HTML considers that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H1" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H1"><H1></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element specifies the
beginning of a major section of a document and contains the title of
that major section. In the past, many authors have used section
header elements only for their appearance, typically giving the author
a set of larger fonts with a visual browser. The W3C offer the
following light deprecation of this usage:
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="quote">
<P CLASS="UG">Some people consider skipping heading levels to be bad practice</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P CLASS="UG">but accept headings in any order, in an effort to
promote backward compatibility.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML considers that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H1" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H1"><H1></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] through <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] elements identify
sections of increasing depth and requires that the trees formed by the
containment of sections be rooted at the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H1" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H1"><H1></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element, and that no
intermediate level be skipped.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H1" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H1"><H1></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element not be followed by an
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H3" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H3"><H3></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H4" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H4"><H4></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H5" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H5"><H5></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5], or <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element without an intervening <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H2" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H2"><H2></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5]
element. This requirement is expressed as normative text in the DTD,
but cannot be specified in the DTD content models without introducing
additional elements which are not a part of the language. It is
possible to make the introduction of new elements entirely automatic,
without them appearing in the source document, but the use of general
purpose SGML tools such as <CODE>sgmlnorm</CODE> which parse documents
and re-issue then with all start and end tags included poses a problem
since these "normalized" documents are not valid ISO-HTML.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H1" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H1"><H1></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.H1.PREP"><A CLASS="UG" ID="H1.PREP" NAME="H1.PREP">13.11.3
Preparation</A></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">To make it possible for an SGML parser to validate the correct nesting
of sections, this User's Guide provides an "almost ISO-HTML" document type
definition which may be used to facilitate preparation of valid
ISO-HTML. The document element of this "preparation ISO-HTML" has
been changed from <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HTML" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HTML"><HTML></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.3] to <CODE><A TITLE="Users Guide specification of element type Pre-HTML" HREF="#Pre-HTML"><Pre-HTML></A></CODE> to avoid any confusion. The
<CODE><A TITLE="Users Guide specification of element type Pre-HTML" HREF="#Pre-HTML"><Pre-HTML></A></CODE> DTD automatically introduces new elements required for the
validation process. A simple program or a procedure based on <A HREF="#ARCHSUPP">architectural forms</A> may be used later to remove
the unwanted elements to produce valid ISO-HTML.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The ISO-HTML DTD may be switched to the <CODE><A TITLE="Users Guide specification of element type Pre-HTML" HREF="#Pre-HTML"><Pre-HTML></A></CODE> DTD through use of
the <CODE>Preparation</CODE> parameter entity. If <CODE>Preparation</CODE>
has the value <CODE>INCLUDE</CODE>, the alternate definition of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H1" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H1"><H1></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5]
element requires the correct nesting of headings and sections:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ELEMENT H1 - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT DIV1 O O ((%block;)*,(H2,DIV2)*) ></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">For further details, see <A HREF="#ENGINEERING">SGML engineering</A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The recommended way of specifying that the <CODE><A TITLE="Users Guide specification of element type Pre-HTML" HREF="#Pre-HTML"><Pre-HTML></A></CODE> DTD is to be
used is by preceeding the document instance with the <A HREF="#ALTDOCTYPE">ISO-HTML preparation document type declaration</A>.
This has the effect of setting the <CODE>Preparation</CODE> parameter
entity to the value <CODE>INCLUDE</CODE>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><DIV1></CODE> through <CODE><DIV6></CODE> elements are for internal use only within
the DTD and are not a part of the language. They shall not appear in
any ISO-HTML document or associated style sheet.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.H1.EX"><A CLASS="UG" ID="H1.EX" NAME="H1.EX">13.11.4 Example of structured
headings</A></H4>
<P CLASS="figure-UG"><IMG ALT="Nested boxes illustrate nested sections" LONGDESC="#SECTIONS.LONGDESC" SRC="sections.png">
<A ID="SECTIONS.FIG" HREF="#SECTIONS.LONGDESC" NAME="SECTIONS.FIG">[D]</A></P>
<P CLASS="caption-UG">Figure 2: Progressive nesting of sections.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.H2"><A ID="H2" NAME="H2"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.12 The H2
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Section header</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML considers that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H2" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H2"><H2></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element specifies the beginning of a
section of a document and contains the title of that section.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H2" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H2"><H2></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element not be followed by an
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H4" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H4"><H4></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H5" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H5"><H5></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5], or <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element without an intervening <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H3" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H3"><H3></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element.
An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H2" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H2"><H2></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element shall be preceded by an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H1" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H1"><H1></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H2" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H2"><H2></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.H3"><A ID="H3" NAME="H3"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.13 The H3
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Subsection header</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML considers that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H3" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H3"><H3></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element specifies the beginning of a
subsection of a document and contains the title of the subsection.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H3" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H3"><H3></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element shall not be followed by an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H5" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H5"><H5></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] or <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element
without an intervening <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H4" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H4"><H4></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element. An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H3" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H3"><H3></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element shall be
preceded by an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H2" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H2"><H2></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H3" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H3"><H3></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.H4"><A ID="H4" NAME="H4"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.14 The H4
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Subsubsection header</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML considers that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H4" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H4"><H4></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element specifies the beginning of a
subsubsection of a document and contains the title of the
subsubsection.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H4" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H4"><H4></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element shall not be followed by an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element without an
intervening <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H5" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H5"><H5></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element. An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H4" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H4"><H4></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element shall be preceded by an
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H3" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H3"><H3></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H4" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H4"><H4></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.H5"><A ID="H5" NAME="H5"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.15 The H5
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Subsubsubsection header</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML considers that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H5" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H5"><H5></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element specifies the beginning of a
subsubsubsection of a document and contains the title of the
subsubsubsection.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H5" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H5"><H5></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element shall be preceded by an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H4" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H4"><H4></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H5" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H5"><H5></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.H6"><A ID="H6" NAME="H6"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.16 The H6
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Minor subsubsubsection header</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML considers that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element specifies the beginning of a
minor subsubsubsection of a document and contains the title of the
minor subsubsubsection.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element shall be preceded by an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H5" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H5"><H5></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.IMG"><A ID="IMG" NAME="IMG"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.17 The IMG
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Inline images</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ALT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-alt">ALT</A></CODE>
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ISMAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-ismap">ISMAP</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that if the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ISMAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-ismap">ISMAP</A></CODE> attribute is present in
an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2] element, the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2] element shall be contained in an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2]
element with an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> attribute present.
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LONGDESC of element IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-longdesc-IMG">LONGDESC</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SRC" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-src">SRC</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute USEMAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-usemap">USEMAP</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SRC" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-src">SRC</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ALT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-alt">ALT</A></CODE> attributes be provided.
At most one of the attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ISMAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-ismap">ISMAP</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute USEMAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-usemap">USEMAP</A></CODE> may be provided.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.INPUT"><A ID="INPUT" NAME="INPUT"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18 The INPUT
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—User input field</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE> attribute of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element discriminates
between several different types of input field. The set of applicable
attributes depends on the value of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE> attribute as
specified in the following subchapters. By default the value of the
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE> attribute is "<CODE>text</CODE>".
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The value "<CODE>button</CODE>" for the attribute <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE> is not
available in ISO-HTML. Authors wishing to place button-like
devices in documents should use the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] element.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">For all values of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE> attribute, the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element carries the
following attributes:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML restricts the other attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element to
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCEPT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accept">ACCEPT</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CHECKED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-checked">CHECKED</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DISABLED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-disabled">DISABLED</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute MAXLENGTH" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-maxlength">MAXLENGTH</A></CODE>,
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute READONLY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-readonly">READONLY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SIZE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-size-INPUT">SIZE</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE> and
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE>. Their use depends on the value of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE>
attribute as specified in the following subchapters.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Pairs of <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE> attributes are known as
<EM>controls</EM> and are described in clause <A TITLE="W3C form controls" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.2">17.2 Controls</A>. When they
are submitted for processing they are known as <EM>successful
controls</EM> and described in clause <A TITLE="W3C form control submission" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.2">17.13.2
Successful controls</A> in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">For some values of attribute <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE>, the attribute <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>
is available: its value is a non-negative integer. An <ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> number
[8879 9.3] is merely a token in which the characters are
restricted to digits. 14 and 00014 are not the same number/token
since the character strings are not the same. ISO-HTML recommends
that the number be given an integer interpretation, with leading
zeroes ignored, in the manner of a programming language.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.I.CHECKBOX"><A ID="I.CHECKBOX" NAME="I.CHECKBOX"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.1
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=checkbox</CODE></SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element with <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=checkbox</CODE> specifies
a boolean choice. A set of <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] elements in the same <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3]
element with the same <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE> attribute value represents an
n-of-many choice.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The other attribute values are as follows:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CHECKED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-checked">CHECKED</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DISABLED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-disabled">DISABLED</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required. </P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required. </P></LI>
</UL>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.I.FILE"><A ID="I.FILE" NAME="I.FILE"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.2
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=file</CODE></SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element with <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=file</CODE> provides a
means for users to attach a file to a form's content. The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] is
typically structured within a <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10] containing text and an
associated <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] which when selected invokes a file browser to
select a file name. The file name can also be entered directly in the
text field. See RFC1867 for further details.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">It is important that a user agent not send any file that the user has
not explicitly authorized to be sent. Thus ISO-HTML interpreting
agents are expected to confirm any default file names that might be
suggested. ISO-HTML requires that fields specifying files not be
hidden.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The other attribute values are as follows:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCEPT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accept">ACCEPT</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DISABLED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-disabled">DISABLED</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute MAXLENGTH" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-maxlength">MAXLENGTH</A></CODE>,
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required. </P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SIZE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-size-INPUT">SIZE</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.I.HIDDEN"><A ID="I.HIDDEN" NAME="I.HIDDEN"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.3
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=hidden</CODE></SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element with <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=hidden</CODE> declares
that a field should not be rendered—it is hidden from the user.
The user does not interact with the field; instead, the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE>
attribute specifies the value of the field. The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE> and
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE> attributes are required, and are returned to the server
when the form is submitted.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">This input element may be used to provide state information in a form.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The other attribute values are as follows:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE>.
<P CLASS="UG">These attributes are required. </P></LI>
</UL>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.I.PASSWORD"><A ID="I.PASSWORD" NAME="I.PASSWORD"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.4
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=password</CODE></SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element with <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=password</CODE> specifies
a single line text field into which users may type a password. As the
user types, the characters are usually echoed as `<CODE>*</CODE>' to
hide the password from prying eyes.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Application designers should note that this is only a light security
protection. Although the password is masked by the browser from
casual observers, it may be transmitted back to the server in clear
text, and can be read by anyone with low-level access to the network.
It is possible to <A HREF="#RFC2817">specify encryption</A> using the
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACTION" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-action">ACTION</A></CODE> attribute of <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3] however details are beyond the scope of
the Guide.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The other attribute values are as follows:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DISABLED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-disabled">DISABLED</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute MAXLENGTH" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-maxlength">MAXLENGTH</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required. </P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SIZE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-size-INPUT">SIZE</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.I.RADIO"><A ID="I.RADIO" NAME="I.RADIO"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.5
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=radio</CODE></SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element with <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=radio</CODE> specifies a
boolean choice: "on" or "off". A set of <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] elements in a
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3] element with the same <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE> attribute value
collectively represents a 1-of-many choice. Only one is "on", and all
the others are "off".
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The other attribute values are as follows:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CHECKED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-checked">CHECKED</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DISABLED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-disabled">DISABLED</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required. </P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required. </P></LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML requires that at all times one and only one of the radio
buttons in a set be checked. Initially, if none of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4]
elements in a set of radio buttons specifies <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CHECKED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-checked">CHECKED</A></CODE>, then the user
agent shall mark the first radio button of the set as checked.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.I.RESET"><A ID="I.RESET" NAME="I.RESET"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.6
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=reset</CODE></SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element with <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=reset</CODE> specifies an
input option, usually represented by a button, that instructs a user
agent to reset the form's fields to their initial states.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">This behaviour is also offered by the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] element which should
be preferred.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC2-UG">There is an inconsistency between the behaviour of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5]
element type with attribute <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-BUTTON">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=reset</CODE> when
contained in a <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10], and the behaviour of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element
type with attribute <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=reset</CODE> when contained in
a <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10].
</P>
<P CLASS="TC2-UG">In the case of <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5], the reset action is limited to the contents
of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10], but in the case of <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4], the International Standard omits to
state the limitation. See reported <A HREF="#DEFECT.8">defect 8</A>.
We recommend that authors and application designers assume that the
same limitation exists for <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4].
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The other attribute values are as follows:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DISABLED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-disabled">DISABLED</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.I.SUBMIT"><A ID="I.SUBMIT" NAME="I.SUBMIT"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.7
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=submit</CODE></SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element with <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=submit</CODE> represents
an input option, typically a button, that instructs a user agent to
submit the form.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">This behaviour is also offered by the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] element which should
be preferred.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The other attribute values are as follows:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required if the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE>
attribute is present.
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.I.TEXT"><A ID="I.TEXT" NAME="I.TEXT"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.18.8
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=text</CODE></SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">An <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] element with <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=text</CODE> specifies a
single line text field into which users may type a string.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The other attribute values are as follows:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ACCESSKEY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-accesskey">ACCESSKEY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DISABLED" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-disabled">DISABLED</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute MAXLENGTH" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-maxlength">MAXLENGTH</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required. </P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute READONLY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-readonly">READONLY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SIZE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-size-INPUT">SIZE</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute VALUE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-value-INPUT">VALUE</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">This attribute is required. </P></LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.LABEL"><A ID="LABEL" NAME="LABEL"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.19 The LABEL
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Form field label</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LABEL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-LABEL"><LABEL></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.9.1] element refer to a form field in
the content of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3] element which contains the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LABEL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-LABEL"><LABEL></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.9.1].
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.LINK"><A ID="LINK" NAME="LINK"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.20 The LINK
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Interdocument relations</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">ISO-HTML restricts the attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LINK" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-LINK"><LINK></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.3] element to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CHARSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-charset">CHARSET</A></CODE></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">See the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> attribute of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2] element.
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREFLANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-hreflang">HREFLANG</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute MEDIA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/styles.html#adef-media">MEDIA</A></CODE>
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rel">REL</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rel">REL</A></CODE> attribute defines the relationship of the
target anchor to the source anchor.
</P></LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rev">REV</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rev">REV</A></CODE> attribute defines the relationship of the
source anchor to the target anchor. The same generally recognized
values are available for the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rev">REV</A></CODE> attribute as for the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rel">REL</A></CODE>
attribute, but the semantics are reversed for a given link. For
example:
</P><UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rev">REV</A></CODE><CODE>=contents</CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">The current document serves as a table of contents for
the document refered to by the link.</P></LI>
</UL>
The corresponding behaviour of the user agent is not specified by the
International Standard.
</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-type-A">TYPE</A></CODE></LI>
</UL>
<H4 ID="LINK.EX"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.20.1 Example</SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">In this example the current document is "Chapter2.html", and the
links describe the relationships with the preceding and following
chapters:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><HEAD>
<LINK REL="Index" HREF="../index.html">
<LINK REL="Next" HREF="Chapter3.html">
<LINK REV="Previous" HREF="Chapter3.html">
<LINK REV="Next" HREF="Chapter1.html">
</HEAD></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">If the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> is unchanged, changing <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rel">REL</A></CODE> to <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rev">REV</A></CODE> or <EM>vice
versa</EM> requires reversing the semantics of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rel">REL</A></CODE>/<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute REV" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-rev">REV</A></CODE>
attribute.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.MAP"><A ID="MAP" NAME="MAP"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.21 The MAP
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Client-side image map</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The International Standard requires that the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-name-MAP">NAME</A></CODE> attribute be provided.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC2-UG">In order to resolve the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE>/<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> <A HREF="#FOLDING">case folding
contradiction</A>, we recommend that authors satisfy the competing
requirements of SGML and the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> by restricting themselves to
the 40 characters "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.-_:0123456789" for <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE>
and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> values, and for the corresponding <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> values.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="#VOCAB">In SGML terms</A>, the attribute value specification
shall be processed as if the declared value were NAME.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Entity references and character references are replaced, entity ends
and record starts are removed, record end and separator characters are
replaced by a space. Any sequence of space characters is replaced by a
single space and leading and trailing spaces are deleted,
[8879 7.9.3 and 10.1.7].
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"><A ID="SOLUTION.DEFECT.3MAP" NAME="SOLUTION.DEFECT.3MAP"></A>The
International Standard recommends that authors of ISO-HTML documents use both the
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> attribute and the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-name-MAP">NAME</A></CODE> attribute. If both are used, then
they shall be given <STRONG>identical</STRONG> values since this
allows an SGML parser to verify that the values for different anchors
are distinct.
</P>
<H4 ID="MAP.ACCESS"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.21.1 </SPAN><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">Accessibility</SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">The first edition of the International Standard provided only <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type AREA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-AREA"><AREA></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] elements to
specify the shape of the map. These are essentially graphic and are
not suitable for sight impaired or blind users. See <A HREF="#ERRATA">defect 4</A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">The <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> extends the content model of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A> to
include <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %block;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#block">block</A></CODE> elements as well as <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type AREA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-AREA"><AREA></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] elements. The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %block;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#block">block</A></CODE>
elements provide a richer means of describing the map areas, allowing
alternative descriptions of the areas suitable for speech browsers.
They are intended to improve accessibility, and the International Standard recommends
that they be used by authors and rendered by browsers. Although the
International Standard expresses the requirement as a <EM>recommendation</EM> by the
use of the word "should", <STRONG>the use of block level content
should be understood as a strict requirement</STRONG>.
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">Authors should use the block-level content of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] element when
creating accessible documents. Each region should be specified using
an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2] element to define its associated link and shape. User agents
should render the block-level content of a <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] element.</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">Here is an example of a <A HREF="http://www.access-board.gov/news/508-final.htm">national
accessibility requirement</A>.
</P>
<H4 ID="MAP.EX"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.21.2 </SPAN><SPAN CLASS="TC1-UG">Example</SPAN></H4>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">The following example shows the use of block-level content to describe
five polygons placed in a figure. Each polygon is inscribed in a
circle radius R. Selecting one of the polygons leads to a formula for
the surface area S.
<MAP ID="POLYGONMAP" NAME="POLYGONMAP">
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"> <A COORDS=" 0,0, 125,127" HREF="#TRIANGLE" SHAPE="RECT">Triangle</A> or
<A COORDS="126,0, 251,127" HREF="#SQUARE" SHAPE="RECT">square</A> or
<A COORDS="252,0, 377,127" HREF="#HEXAGON" SHAPE="RECT">hexagon</A> or
<A COORDS="378,0, 503,127" HREF="#DECAGON" SHAPE="RECT">decagon</A> or
<A COORDS="252,0, 631,127" HREF="#DUODECAGON" SHAPE="RECT">duodecagon</A>.
</P>
<AREA ALT="Triangle inscribed in a circle" COORDS=" 0,0, 125,127" HREF="#TRIANGLE" SHAPE="RECT">
<AREA ALT="Square inscribed in a circle" COORDS="126,0, 251,127" HREF="#SQUARE" SHAPE="RECT">
<AREA ALT="Hexagon inscribed in a circle" COORDS="252,0, 377,127" HREF="#HEXAGON" SHAPE="RECT">
<AREA ALT="Decagon inscribed in a circle" COORDS="378,0, 503,127" HREF="#DECAGON" SHAPE="RECT">
<AREA ALT="Duodecagon inscribed in a circle" COORDS="252,0, 631,127" HREF="#DUODECAGON" SHAPE="RECT">
</MAP>
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"><IMG CLASS="fullwidth" TITLE="Choose a polygon" ALT="Five regular polygons each inscribed in a circle" LONGDESC="#POLYGON.LONGDESC" SRC="polygon.png" USEMAP="#POLYGONMAP">
<A ID="POLYGON.FIG" HREF="#POLYGON.LONGDESC" NAME="POLYGON.FIG">[D]</A>
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">If the circle has radius R, then the surface area S of the inscribed
polygon is:
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"><A ID="TRIANGLE" NAME="TRIANGLE"></A>Triangle: S = (3 * R**2 *
sqrt(3)) / 4
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"><A ID="SQUARE" NAME="SQUARE"></A>Square: S = 2 * R**2
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"><A ID="HEXAGON" NAME="HEXAGON"></A>Hexagon: S = (3 * R**2 * sqrt(3)) /
2
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"><A ID="DECAGON" NAME="DECAGON"></A>Decagon: S = (5 * R**2 * sqrt(10 -
2 * sqrt(5))) / 4
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"><A ID="DUODECAGON" NAME="DUODECAGON"></A>Duodecagon: S = 3 * R**2
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">The markup used in this example is as follows. It includes an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type AREA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-AREA"><AREA></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1]
specification of the selectable areas for browsers which cannot handle
block content in a <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1].
</P>
<PRE CLASS="TC1-UG"><CODE><!-- This map describes a 632x128 pixel
drawing of five polygons. -->
<map id="POLYGONMAP" name="POLYGONMAP">
<p>
<a href="#TRIANGLE"
shape="rect"
coords=" 0,0, 125,127">Triangle</a> or
<a href="#SQUARE"
shape="rect"
coords="126,0, 251,127">square</a> or
<a href="#HEXAGON"
shape="rect"
coords="252,0, 377,127">hexagon</a> or
<a href="#DECAGON"
shape="rect"
coords="378,0, 503,127">decagon</a> or
<a href="#DUODECAGON"
shape="rect"
coords="252,0, 631,127">duodecagon</a>.
<!-- Markup for browsers which cannot
handle block content in MAP -->
<area href="#TRIANGLE"
shape="rect" coords=" 0,0, 125,127"
alt="Triangle inscribed in a circle">
<area href="#SQUARE"
shape="rect" coords="126,0, 251,127"
alt="Square inscribed in a circle">
<area href="#HEXAGON"
shape="rect" coords="252,0, 377,127"
alt="Hexagon inscribed in a circle">
<area href="#DECAGON"
shape="rect" coords="378,0, 503,127"
alt="Decagon inscribed in a circle">
<area href="#DUODECAGON"
shape="rect" coords="252,0, 631,127"
alt="Duodecagon inscribed in a circle">
</map>
<!-- Offer the visitor a choice of polygon. -->
<p>
<img src="polygon.png"
class="fullwidth"
alt="Five regular polygons each inscribed in a circle"
title="Choose a polygon"
usemap="#POLYGONMAP"></CODE></PRE>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.OBJECT"><A ID="OBJECT" NAME="OBJECT"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.22 The
OBJECT <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Simple agent</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type OBJECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-OBJECT"><OBJECT></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.3] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> attribute is also available to assist inter
agent communication.
</P></LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASSID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-classid">CLASSID</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CODEBASE of element OBJECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-codebase-OBJECT">CODEBASE</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CODETYPE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-codetype">CODETYPE</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DATA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-data">DATA</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DECLARE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-declare">DECLARE</A></CODE>,
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-INPUT">NAME</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute STANDBY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-standby">STANDBY</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TABINDEX" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-tabindex">TABINDEX</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element OBJECT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-type-OBJECT">TYPE</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute USEMAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-usemap">USEMAP</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.Q"><A ID="Q" NAME="Q"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.23 The Q
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Quote</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The contents of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type Q" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#edef-Q"><Q></A></CODE>
[W3C 9.2.2] element shall not be surrounded with
quotation marks. These may be added by the user agent through the use
of a style sheet.
</P>
<H4 ID="Q.EX"><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.23.1 Example</SPAN></H4>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>A <Q LANG=de>quotation in German</Q> and
a <Q LANG=fr>quotation in French</Q>.</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">might be rendered as:
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">A ,,quotation in German'' and a << quotation in French >>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.STYLE"><A ID="STYLE" NAME="STYLE"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.24 The STYLE
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Style specification</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type STYLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/styles.html#edef-STYLE"><STYLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 14.2.3] element contains style sheet information which shall be
passed to the user agent's style manager. Any style sheet language
may be used, and none is defined by the International Standard.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">It is a user agent error to render the style sheet information as if
it were part of a document's text.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">We recommend that authors:
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Offer a range of styles for their documents to take into account
the different types of user agent on which the document may be
rendered, and the special needs of the readers, eg. larger fonts for
the visually impaired.
</LI>
<LI>Do not use style as an intrinsic part of the content. For
example: <EM>The correct answer is shown in green, the others are in
red</EM>, would be useless with a user agent which does not render in
colour.
</LI>
<LI>Specify the default style sheet language using the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type META" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-META"><META></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.4.4] element.</LI>
</OL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.TABLE"><A ID="TABLE" NAME="TABLE"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.25 The TABLE
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Tables</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TABLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE"><TABLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.1] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SUMMARY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-summary">SUMMARY</A></CODE>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SUMMARY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-summary">SUMMARY</A></CODE> attribute is required by the International Standard and
shall be provided.</P></LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.TBODY"><A ID="TBODY" NAME="TBODY"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.26 The TBODY
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Table body</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">In ISO-HTML the start tag is required for the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TBODY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TBODY"><TBODY></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.3] element.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.TD"><A ID="TD" NAME="TD"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.27 The TD
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Table data cell</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TD"><TD></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.6] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ABBR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-abbr">ABBR</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute AXIS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-axis">AXIS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COLSPAN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-colspan">COLSPAN</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HEADERS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-headers">HEADERS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ROWSPAN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-rowspan">ROWSPAN</A></CODE>
and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SCOPE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-scope">SCOPE</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.TH"><A ID="TH" NAME="TH"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.28 The TH
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Table header cell</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TH" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TH"><TH></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.6] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ABBR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-abbr">ABBR</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute AXIS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-axis">AXIS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COLSPAN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-colspan">COLSPAN</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HEADERS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-headers">HEADERS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ROWSPAN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-rowspan">ROWSPAN</A></CODE>
and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SCOPE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-scope">SCOPE</A></CODE>. </LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.TR"><A ID="TR" NAME="TR"></A><SPAN CLASS="UG">13.29 The TR
<A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>—Table row</SPAN></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">It is recommended that authors pay attention to the following points
in order to avoid inconsistent rendering of their tables.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TR"><TR></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.5] element should require exactly the same number of columns as
the number of columns specified by the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type COL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-COL"><COL></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.4] or <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type COLGROUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-COLGROUP"><COLGROUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.4] elements
in the containing <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TABLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE"><TABLE></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.1] element, if present, taking into account
the effect of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ROWSPAN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-rowspan">ROWSPAN</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COLSPAN" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-colspan">COLSPAN</A></CODE> attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TD" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TD"><TD></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.6]
and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TH" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TH"><TH></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.6] elements, the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SPAN of element COL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#adef-span-COL">SPAN</A></CODE> attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type COL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-COL"><COL></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.4] and
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type COLGROUP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-COLGROUP"><COLGROUP></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.4] elements and the padding of incomplete rows by a user
agent.</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The attributes of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type TR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TR"><TR></A></CODE>
[W3C 11.2.5] element are restricted to:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Common attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute CLASS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-class">CLASS</A></CODE>, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TITLE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-title">TITLE</A></CODE>.</LI>
<LI>Internationalization attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute DIR" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-dir">DIR</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute LANG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/dirlang.html#adef-lang">LANG</A></CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
<H2 CLASS="chapter" ID="CL.DOCPREP"><A ID="DOCPREP" NAME="DOCPREP"><SPAN CLASS="UG">14 Document
preparation</SPAN></A></H2>
<P CLASS="UG">This chapter describes an SGML-based process for preparing ISO-HTML
conforming documents. The process is not a part of the International Standard, but is
intended to make it easier to conform to the International Standard. The principal
advantages are:
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Documents are validated by an SGML parser which verifies
conformance to the DTD.
</LI>
<LI>The parser is also able to validate the correct progressive
nesting of sections required by ISO-HTML.
</LI>
<LI>The author may split a page into convenient pieces and recombine
them during the preparation process. This is particularly convenient
for authors working with a set of pages each containing the same piece
of "boiler-plate" information.
</LI>
<LI>Often a page will contain pieces of information which may change
from time to time. This form of ephemeral data may be placed in a set
of entities grouped together to facilitate maintenance and updating.
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: This is the technique used to specify the many links between the
User's Guide and the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P></LI>
<LI>An SGML parser is able to incorporate computed text automatically.
</LI>
<LI>Different versions of a document may be produced from the same
source file under the control of an external process such as a
Makefile.
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG">More complex SGML-based processes are possible. For example, the
source document may be structured using a richer DTD or a richly
structured document database. This has advantages when a document
represents a major investment and is used to generate a range of
output. The processing of such documents is beyond the scope of this
User's Guide.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.PRE-HTML"><A ID="PRE-HTML" NAME="PRE-HTML"><SPAN CLASS="UG">14.1
Pre-HTML</SPAN></A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The process uses the document type declaration internal subset
[8879 11.1] which is a feature of the <CODE>DOCTYPE</CODE>
declaration not supported by the International Standard or the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>. In order to
clearly identify the documents-in-preparation as being different from
ISO-HTML or HTML 4, we give them a different document element
<CODE><A TITLE="Users Guide specification of element type Pre-HTML" HREF="#Pre-HTML"><Pre-HTML></A></CODE>. This document element is only valid for
documents-in-preparation.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The internal subset appears between square brackets in the
<CODE>DOCTYPE</CODE> declaration as shown in the following figure.
</P>
<P CLASS="figure-UG"><IMG CLASS="fullwidth" ALT="Use of the DOCTYPE internal subset" LONGDESC="#SUBSET.LONGDESC" SRC="subset.png">
<A ID="SUBSET.FIG" HREF="#SUBSET.LONGDESC" NAME="SUBSET.FIG">[D]</A></P>
<P CLASS="caption-UG">Figure 3: Use of the DOCTYPE internal subset.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Before describing the contents of the figure, a short discussion
of entities in SGML may be useful. An SGML entity [8879 B.6]
may be thought of as a chunk of document — a programmer might
prefer to use the term <EM>macro</EM>. There are two types of entity
in SGML:
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><STRONG>Parameter entities</STRONG>. These entities are defined
and called (the SGML world uses the term <EM>referenced</EM>) in the
document type declaration, including the subset. They are used mainly
to provide convenient references to chunks of DTD and to other useful
constructs that may be placed in a DTD.
<P CLASS="UG">Parameter entities are also referenced in a document instance in the
<EM>status keyword specification</EM> of marked sections where they
provide the keywords INCLUDE or IGNORE for optional sections of text..
</P></LI>
<LI><STRONG>General entities</STRONG>. These entities are defined in
a document type declaration, including the subset, but are
called/referenced in document instances. A well known example is
<CODE>&agrave;</CODE> used to provide a lower case a with a grave
accent which appears at the end of the word voilà.
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The two types of entity serve the same basic purpose. The
reason for having two types is to have two name spaces. The document
author need not be concerned about overloading an entity name already
chosen by the support people who define the document type declaration.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The "<CODE>legal</CODE>" ENTITY declaration [8879 10.5] in the
subset has a <CODE>%</CODE> character before the entity name. This
indicates that "<CODE>legal</CODE>" is a <EM>parameter entity</EM> for
use in the subset. The notation "<CODE>%legal;</CODE>"
[8879 9.4.4] is a reference to the parameter entity and in the
example shown, an <A HREF="http://www.jclark.com">SGML parser</A> will resolve the
parameter entity to a declaration of the <EM>general entity</EM>
<CODE>&fineprint;</CODE> which may be used in the document. The
resolution process is indirect: an <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org">OASIS</A> <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalogue</A> fragment, usually in a file
"<CODE>catalog</CODE>", points to the file which contains the general
entity definition. The lookup is done using the Formal Public
Identifier [8879 10.2], in the example given:
"<CODE>-//Whiz-Bang//TEXT Legal//EN</CODE>". The result is to make
the general entity <CODE>&fineprint;</CODE> available for use in
the document.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">At first sight this process may seem complex, but in a large
production environment it has many advantages. The document author
can work without having to be concerned about which file contains the
latest fine print. The system administrator manages the <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org">OASIS</A> <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalogue</A> and
the legal department can work independently on their fine print. We
have shown an external file "<CODE>fineprint.txt</CODE>" which
contains only one general entity declaration. In practice the
external file may contain hundreds of entity declarations, for example,
the offical list of all the publicly avalaible <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt">URLs</A> and <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">URI's</A> offered by a
corporation.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The ISO-HTML page produced by the process does not contain an internal
subset or any indication of the existence of the parameter entity
<CODE>%legal;</CODE> or the general entity
<CODE>&fineprint;</CODE>
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The catalogue fragment may be in the same "<CODE>catalog</CODE>"
file as the <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org">OASIS</A> <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalogue</A> fragment described in <A HREF="#ENGINEERING">"SGML engineering"</A> and the <A TITLE="W3C sample of SGML catalog" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/intro.html#h-19.2">sample SGML catalog</A> fragment
provided by the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.PROCESS"><A ID="PROCESS" NAME="PROCESS"><SPAN CLASS="UG">14.2
Preparation process</SPAN></A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">There are two preparation processes, both using the
<CODE>sgmlnorm</CODE> feature of the <A HREF="http://www.jclark.com">SP parser</A>
to produce a version of the document-in-preparation in which
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>All the entities have been resolved.
</LI>
<LI>All the omitted element start and end tags inserted.
</LI>
<LI>All marked sections used for optional text and inclusion of
SGML/XML markup are resolved. The "<" character is
replaced by the characters "&lt;" and the character ">" is replaced by the characters "&gt;".
</LI>
<LI>All automatic <A HREF="#FOLDING">folding</A> of names has taken
place.
</LI>
<LI>The document instance has been validated against SGML rules.
</LI>
</UL>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.PROCESS1"><A CLASS="UG" ID="PROCESS1" NAME="PROCESS1">14.2.1 Using a
"scrubber"</A></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">In this process, the intermediate document produced by
<CODE>sgmlnorm</CODE> contains the <CODE><DIV1></CODE> ... <CODE><DIV6></CODE> element tags
which are not permitted in ISO-HTML. They are removed by a "scrubber"
which also replaces <CODE><A TITLE="Users Guide specification of element type Pre-HTML" HREF="#Pre-HTML"><Pre-HTML></A></CODE> start and end tags by <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type HTML" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-HTML"><HTML></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.3] start and
end tags. In addition, the scrubber places the ISO-HTML <A HREF="#DOCTYPE">document type declaration</A> at the head of the file.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">This was the process initially used by the editors. The incantation
for the International Standard was of the form:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>sgmlnorm -e -g -w all -E 5 15445.Pre-HTML | scrubber > 15445.html</CODE></PRE>
<H4 CLASS="subsubchapter" ID="CL.PROCESS2"><A CLASS="UG" ID="PROCESS2" NAME="PROCESS2">14.2.2 Using an
architectural form</A></H4>
<P CLASS="UG">In this process, there is no intermediate document. We use the DTD for
ISO-HTML as an architectural form to which the output of
<CODE>sgmlnorm</CODE> is to conform. Since the <CODE><DIV1></CODE> ... <CODE><DIV6></CODE>
element tags are not a part of ISO-HTML, they are ignored and do not
appear in the output. In order to set up the process, we place the
following declaration in the internal subset:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!-- Use ISO-HTML as architectural form -->
<!ENTITY % HtmlDtd PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HTML//EN">
<?IS10744 ArcBase HTML>
<!NOTATION HTML PUBLIC
"-//ISO-HTML User's Guide//NOTATION HTML Architecture//EN">
<!ATTLIST #NOTATION HTML
ArcDTD CDATA #FIXED "%HtmlDtd" -- Meta-DTD entity --
ArcDocF NAME #FIXED "HTML" -- Document element name --
ArcNamrA NAME #IMPLIED -- Default: no renaming --
-- See [HyTime A.3.4.2] --
></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">The incantation which produces the International Standard now takes the form:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>sgmlnorm -A html -d -e -g -w all -E 5 15445.Pre-HTML > 15445.html</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">where the "-A html" specifies use of notation HTML as a meta-DTD, and
the option "-d" asks <CODE>sgmlnorm</CODE> to place the <A HREF="#DOCTYPE">document type declaration</A> for the metaDTD,
ie. ISO-HTML, at the top of the output document instance.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.TIMESTAMP"><A ID="TIMESTAMP" NAME="TIMESTAMP"><SPAN CLASS="UG">14.3 An
example — Document time stamps</SPAN></A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">It is common to see a time stamp at the foot of an HTML page such as
that of the <A HREF="http://www.fsf.org">Free Software Foundation</A>:
<CODE>Updated: 1 Jan 1998 rms</CODE>. It is possible to use the
<CODE><A TITLE="Users Guide specification of element type Pre-HTML" HREF="#Pre-HTML"><Pre-HTML></A></CODE> techniques to set this time stamp automatically. We will
assume that you are using a <A HREF="http://www.fsf.org/software/make/make.html"><CODE>Makefile</CODE></A>
to build your pages.
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>In the <A HREF="http://www.fsf.org/software/make/make.html"><CODE>Makefile</CODE></A>, just before you
parse a page in which you wish to place a time stamp, insert the
following shell commands:
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> echo "<!ENTITY lastchange '" > lastchange
date >> lastchange
echo "' >" >> lastchange</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The three lines are indented with a tab, not spaces.
</P></LI>
<LI>In the document type declaration subset, between the square
brackets, place the following declaration and reference:
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ENTITY % lastchange PUBLIC
"-//ISO-HTML User's Guide//TEXT Last change time stamp//EN" >
%lastchange;</CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>In your <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalogue</A>, add the entry:
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> -- Last change time stamp --
PUBLIC "-//ISO-HTML User's Guide//TEXT Last change time stamp//EN" lastchange</CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>At the foot of your document, or wherever you want the time stamp
to appear, add the following markup:
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><hr>
<p>Last change was on &lastchange;
<hr></CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>See the foot of this document for an example of the result.</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG">You can adapt the formal public identifiers, entity names and time
stamp text to your own needs.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The parameter entity, the general entity and the temporary file
which contains the time stamp all have the same name but since they
are in different name spaces there is no ambiguity.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.OPTIONAL"><A CLASS="UG" ID="OPTIONAL" NAME="OPTIONAL">14.4 Document
versions and optional content</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">Authors are often interesting in having a single document which
describes something which has options, levels, releases or variations.
That is, some part of the content is to be included only if a
description of the "version 2.11" is needed, or if the reader has the
required reading authority. The author would like to be able to
specify to the SGML production process which parts of the document are
to be included.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">This is easy to do if the source file is marked up using the <A HREF="#PRE-HTML">Pre-HTML</A> DTD for documents-in-preparation. To
include or exclude text, we use SGML marked sections [8879 10.4]
managed from the document type declaration internal subset
[8879 11.1] which is available in Pre-HTML.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The first version of some product was "easy to use", but following
urgent safety improvements, the new version is "easy and <EM>safe</EM>
to use". We handle this as follows:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>We markup the words "and safe" as
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>easy <![ %version2; [and <em>safe</em>]]> to use</CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>In the internal subset, we add the declaration
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ENTITY % version2 PUBLIC
"-//WhizzBang//TEXT Include version 2//EN"></CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>In the <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org">OASIS</A> catalogue, we add the
declaration
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> -- Version 2 inclusion flag --
PUBLIC "-//WhizzBang//TEXT Include version 2//EN"
includeV2</CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>In the <CODE>Makefile</CODE> entry for version 1, we add the
declaration
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> echo "IGNORE" > includeV2</CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>In the <CODE>Makefile</CODE> entry for version 2, we add the
declaration
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> echo "INCLUDE" > includeV2</CODE></PRE>
</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">An alternative, more direct process includes or excludes text using
the <CODE>-i</CODE> option of <CODE>sgmlnorm</CODE>
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>As before, we markup the words "and safe" as
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>easy <![ %version2; [and <em>safe</em>]]> to use</CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>In the internal subset, we add the declaration
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ENTITY % version2 "IGNORE" ></CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>In the <CODE>Makefile</CODE> entry for version 1, we make no
reference to <CODE>version2</CODE>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> sgmlnorm .....</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">Since parameter entity <CODE>version2</CODE> has the value
<CODE>"IGNORE"</CODE>, the extra words are omitted.
</P></LI>
<LI>In the <CODE>Makefile</CODE> entry for version 2, we add a
<CODE>-i</CODE> option to the call of <CODE>sgmlnorm</CODE>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> sgmlnorm -i version2 ....</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">This has the effect of setting parameter entity <CODE>version2</CODE>
to <CODE>"INCLUDE"</CODE>, and including the extra words.
</P></LI>
</UL>
<H2 CLASS="chapter" ID="CL.ENGINEERING"><A ID="ENGINEERING" NAME="ENGINEERING"><SPAN CLASS="UG">15 SGML
engineering</SPAN></A></H2>
<P CLASS="UG">This chapter describes the SGML techniques that are used in the formal
specification of ISO-HTML and Pre-HTML. <A HREF="#SYSVALID">Validating systems</A> are required to support these
techniques, but <A HREF="#SYSCONF">conforming systems</A> are not.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The engineering is based on a three step process:
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>The ISO-HTML or Pre-HTML document instance always contains a <A HREF="#DOCTYPE">DOCTYPE declaration</A> [8879 11.1], which
identifies the set of features to be used. The formal public
identifiers in the DOCTYPE declarations are used as keys in an <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org">OASIS</A> <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalogue</A> which
identifies the file containing the DTD shared by ISO-HTML and
Pre-HTML. In the case of ISO-HTML, the DTD is complete; there is no
internal subset, and conforming systems are not required to support
such a construction. In the case of Pre-HTML, a further parameter
entity declaration in the internal subset completes the DTD.
</LI>
<LI>The DTD contains a default value <CODE>IGNORE</CODE> for the
<CODE>%Preparation;</CODE> parameter entity which manages the
customization of the DTD. This default value is overridden by
Pre-HTML documents which specify the value <CODE>INCLUDE</CODE> for
the <CODE>%Preparation;</CODE> parameter entity.
</LI>
<LI>The SGML parser parses the formal definition of ISO-HTML or
Pre-HTML, taking into account the value of the
<CODE>%Preparation;</CODE> parameter entity.</LI>
</OL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.PACKAGE"><A ID="PACKAGE" NAME="PACKAGE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">15.1 Step
1—DTD identification</SPAN></A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The DOCTYPE declarations [8879 11.1] for ISO-HTML are:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HyperText Markup Language//EN">
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HTML//EN"></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">and the declaration for Pre-HTML is
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!DOCTYPE Pre-HTML PUBLIC
"-//ISO-HTML User's Guide//DTD Preparation of ISO-HTML//EN"
[<!ENTITY % Preparation "INCLUDE"> </CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG"><EM>general entity declarations...</EM>
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>]> </CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">The formal public identifiers (FPI) [8879 10.2] in the DOCTYPE
declarations for ISO-HTML and Pre-HTML are used as keys to identify
the corresponding entries in a <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalogue</A>
which is usually placed in a file named <CODE>catalog</CODE>. The
catalogue associates the same file name with the three FPIs:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE>PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HyperText Markup Language//EN" 15445.dtd
PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HTML//EN" 15445.dtd
PUBLIC "-//ISO-HTML User's Guide//DTD ISO-HTML Preparation//EN" 15445.dtd</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">Parsers such as SP which support use of a <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalogue</A> use the FPIs to find the name of the
file containing the DTD.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The file name is system dependent. A different name may be
needed on restricted operating systems.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.PREEMPT"><A ID="PREEMPT" NAME="PREEMPT"><SPAN CLASS="UG">15.2 Step
2—Declaration of parameter entities</SPAN></A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The Pre-HTML internal subset contains a declaration for the parameter
entity <CODE>%Preparation;</CODE> for which the default value is defined
in the ISO-HTML DTD. The value in the Pre-HTML internal subset takes
precedence over the default value provided in the ISO-HTML DTD (see
[8879 9.4.4.1]).
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">If <CODE>%Preparation;</CODE> has the value <CODE>INCLUDE</CODE>,
the mechanisms which require correct nesting of the elements <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H1" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H1"><H1></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5]
through <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type H6" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-H6"><H6></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.5] are included. If the value is <CODE>IGNORE</CODE>, the
mechanisms which require correct nesting of headings are omitted.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The ISO-HTML DTD defines the inverse parameter entity
<CODE>%NoPreparation;</CODE>. The result is that the DTD specifies the
following parameter entities:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>When ISO-HTML uses the DTD, <CODE>%Preparation; = IGNORE</CODE>,
<CODE>%NoPreparation; = INCLUDE</CODE>
</LI>
<LI>When Pre-HTML uses the DTD, <CODE>%Preparation; = INCLUDE</CODE>,
<CODE>%NoPreparation; = IGNORE</CODE></LI>
</UL>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.PARSE"><A ID="PARSE" NAME="PARSE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">15.3 Step
3—Parsing the formal definition</SPAN></A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The SGML parser parses the files making up the formal definition of
ISO-HTML, taking into account the values of the
<CODE>%Preparation;</CODE> and <CODE>%NoPreparation;</CODE> parameter
entities specified in step 2. The parameter entities control the
inclusion or exclusion of marked sections, see [8879 10.4], thus
changing the formal definitions.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">A typical effect of the parameter entity is in the modification of the
element <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BODY" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-BODY"><BODY></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.1].
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><![ %Preparation;
[
<!ELEMENT BODY - O ((%block;)*, (H1,DIV1)* )
+(DEL|INS) >
]]>
<![ %NoPreparation;
[
<!ELEMENT BODY - O (%block;|H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6)+
+(DEL|INS) >
]]></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">When the author's DOCTYPE declaration calls for ISO-HTML, this is the
same as:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ELEMENT BODY - O (%block;|H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6)+
+(DEL|INS) ></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">but when the author's DOCTYPE declaration calls for Pre-HTML, this is
the same as:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ELEMENT BODY - O ((%block;)*, (H1,DIV1)* )
+(DEL|INS) ></CODE></PRE>
<H2 CLASS="chapter" ID="CL.FOLDING"><A CLASS="UG" ID="FOLDING" NAME="FOLDING">16 Folding to upper
case</A></H2>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.VOCAB"><A CLASS="UG" ID="VOCAB" NAME="VOCAB">16.1 Some SGML
vocabulary</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">Before we begin the discussion of folding to upper case, we need to
review some SGML vocabulary. Consider the following attribute
definition list declaration [SGML 11.3]:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> <!ATTLIST ...
LANG NAME #IMPLIED -- RFC1766 language value --
ID ID #IMPLIED -- Document-wide unique id --
HREF CDATA #IMPLIED -- Universal Resource Identifier, RFC1630 --
NAME CDATA #IMPLIED -- Target anchor --
></CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">Each of the four attribute definitions in the list consists of three
parts. For example in the third attribute definition:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI><CODE>HREF</CODE>: The <EM>attribute name</EM>.
</LI>
<LI><CODE>CDATA</CODE>: SGML calls this the <EM>declared value</EM>
[SGML 11.3.3]. A programmer might prefer to call it the <EM>type</EM>
of the attribute. There are fifteen types of attribute value
corresponding to the following SGML keywords: CDATA, ENTITY, ENTITIES,
ID, IDREF, IDREFS, NAME, NAMES, NMTOKEN, NMTOKENS, NUMBER, NUMBERS,
NUTOKEN, NUTOKENS and NOTATION. (There is also a <EM>name group</EM>
construction which does not concern us here.) Of these, only CDATA,
ID, IDREF, IDREFS, NAME and NUMBER appear in ISO-HTML.
</LI>
<LI><CODE>#IMPLIED</CODE>: SGML calls this the <EM>default
value</EM>. The default value <CODE>#IMPLIED</CODE> means that if this
attribute is omitted, it's up to the application to decide what to do.
</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">Attributes with certain "declared values"/"types" have their values
automatically folded to upper case in certain conditions. What are
these conditions? They are given in the <A HREF="#DCL">SGML
declaration</A>, in the section:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> NAMING ...
NAMECASE GENERAL YES
ENTITY NO</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="UG">The declaration <CODE>NAMING ... NAMECASE GENERAL YES</CODE> means
that those syntactic items which are names, are to be folded to upper
case. For example, if an attribute has the type ID, IDREF, IDREFS,
NAME, NAMES, NMTOKEN, NMTOKENS, NUTOKEN or NUTOKENS then its value is
to be automatically folded [SGML 13.4.5]. Of these, only ID, IDREF,
IDREFS and NAME appear in ISO-HTML.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG"> NOTE: We are talking about the types here, not the
attribute names. It is easy to confuse the attribute name <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE>
and the type NAME.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The declaration <CODE>NAMING ... NAMECASE ENTITY NO</CODE> means that
those syntactic items which are the names of entities, are not to be
folded to upper case. For example, if an attribute has the type
ENTITY or ENTITIES then its value is not automatically folded [SGML
13.4.5]. This situation does not occur in ISO-HTML, but could occur
in a <A HREF="#DOCPREP">Pre-HTML document</A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">You will see those ISO-HTML attributes whose values are folded to
upper case by inspecting the ISO-HTML <A HREF="#DTD">DTD</A> and
noting those which have a declared value/type of ID, IDREF, IDREFS or
NAME.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">In <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1">XHTML</A> which is an application of <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">XML</A>, the <A TITLE="Differences between SGML and XML" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215.html">SGML declaration</A> becomes
</P>
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE> NAMING ...
NAMECASE GENERAL NO
ENTITY NO</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="note-UG">which removes all case folding. XHTML is case sensitive.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.ANCHOR-FOLDING"><A CLASS="UG" ID="ANCHOR-FOLDING" NAME="ANCHOR-FOLDING">16.2
Folding of anchors</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">The following table summarizes the situation for anchors.
</P>
<TABLE CLASS="UG" SUMMARY="Which anchor attribute values are folded to upper case?">
<CAPTION CLASS="UG">Table 2: Which anchor attribute values are folded
to upper case in ISO-HTML?</CAPTION>
<THEAD>
<TR>
<TH CLASS="UG">Attribute
</TH>
<TH CLASS="UG">Attribute type
</TH>
<TH CLASS="UG">Automatic</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TH CLASS="UG">name
</TH>
<TH CLASS="UG">(declared value)
</TH>
<TH CLASS="UG">folding?</TH>
</TR>
</THEAD>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD CLASS="UG"><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE>
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">ID
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">Yes</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD CLASS="UG"><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE>
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">CDATA
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">No</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD CLASS="UG"><CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE>
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">CDATA
</TD>
<TD CLASS="UG">No</TD>
</TR>
</TBODY>
</TABLE>
<P CLASS="UG">We suggest that you now read the clause in the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> which
discusses <A TITLE="W3C specification of the use of ID attributes on achors" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#h-12.2.3">12.2.3 Anchors with the id attribute</A>. In summary:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> attribute may be used to create an anchor at the start
tag of an element.
</LI>
<LI>The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> attributes share the same name space.
</LI>
<LI>It is permissible to use both attributes to specify an element's
unique identifier for the following elements: <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2]
and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1].
</LI>
<LI>When both attributes are used on a single element, their values
must be identical. The following example illustrates that <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> must be the same when both appear in an element's start tag:
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><P><A name="a1" id="a1" href="#a1">...</A> </CODE></PRE>
</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">Clearly there is a contradiction between the automatic folding of the
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE>, but not the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE>. The example suggests that
names are to be equal <STRONG>before</STRONG> folding, but the
equality test is applied <STRONG>after</STRONG> any folding.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The case folding behaviour of browsers and other tools is in general
undefined. The very useful tool <A HREF="http://tidy.sourceforge.net/">HTML tidy</A>,
which cleans up the broken HTML generated by many authoring tools,
checks that when attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> are used together on an
element, they have the same value. However this test is made without
any folding. As a result, if the values contain lower case
characters, and the document is later passed through the SP tool
<CODE>sgmlnorm</CODE>, the document no longer satisfies HTML tidy,
even though from a strict SGML point of view, nothing has changed.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC2-UG">As far as case folding is concerned, the International Standard requires that
conforming documents satisfy the requirements of the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> and
those of SGML, but without saying how. We recommend that authors
satisfy these requirements by restricting themselves to the 40
characters "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.-_:0123456789" for <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> values, and for the corresponding <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> values.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: In the markup for the International Standard all the values of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE>, and
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> attributes, and the corresponding <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> values are written
in upper case. This allows the markup to pass through the SGML parser
<CODE>sgmlnorm</CODE> and remain acceptable to <A HREF="http://tidy.sourceforge.net/">HTML tidy</A>.
</P>
<H2 CLASS="clause" ID="CL.BIBLIOGRAPY"><A ID="BIBLIOGRAPHY" NAME="BIBLIOGRAPHY"></A>Bibliography</H2>
<P>[1] "Hypertext Markup
Language - 2.0". T. Berners-Lee, D. Connolly. IETF RFC1866,
November 1995. Category:
Standards Track. <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt</A>
</P>
<P>[2] "Multipurpose Internet
Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", N. Freed,
N. Borenstein.
IETF RFC2046, November 1996. Category: Standards Track.
Obsoletes:
1521, 1522, 1590. <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt</A>
</P>
<HR CLASS="fullwidth">
<H1 CLASS="annex" ID="ANNEXA">Annex A</H1>
<P CLASS="normativeAnnex">(normative <SPAN CLASS="UG">in the
International Standard</SPAN>)
</P>
<H2 ID="CL.DCL"><A ID="DCL" NAME="DCL"><ABBR TITLE="Standard Generalized Markup Language" LANG="EN">SGML</ABBR> declaration</A></H2>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.tcd.ie/isohtml/15445.dcl">The SGML declaration for ISO-HTML is provided by
this file:</A>
</P>
<PRE CLASS="SGML">
<!SGML "ISO 8879:1986 (WWW)"
<!SGML "ISO 8879:1986 (WWW)"
-- ISO/IEC 15445 Hypertext Markup Language (ISO-HTML)
SGML Declaration
Copyright (C) 2000 IETF, W3C (MIT, Inria, Keio), ISO/IEC
All Rights Reserved
Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
validating and conforming systems and applications as defined
in ISO/IEC 15445, provided this copyright notice is included
with all copies.
--
CHARSET
-- First 17 planes of ISO 10646. --
BASESET "ISO Registration Number 177//CHARSET
ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993 UCS-4 with
implementation level 3//ESC 2/5 2/15 4/6"
DESCSET 0 9 UNUSED
9 2 9
11 2 UNUSED
13 1 13
14 18 UNUSED
32 95 32
127 1 UNUSED
128 32 UNUSED
160 55136 160
55296 2048 UNUSED
57344 1056768 57344
--
ISO/IEC 10646 does not define all positions. For example, it reserves
positions with hexadecimal values 0000D800 - 0000DFFF, used in the
UTF-16 encoding of UCS-4, as well as the last two code values in each
plane of UCS-4, ie. all values of the hexadecimal form xxxxFFFE and
xxxxFFFF. Undefined code values and the corresponding numeric
character references should not be included in an HTML document, and
they shall be ignored if encountered when processing an HTML document.
--
CAPACITY SGMLREF
TOTALCAP 150000
GRPCAP 150000
ENTCAP 150000
SCOPE DOCUMENT
SYNTAX
SHUNCHAR CONTROLS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 127
BASESET "ISO 646IRV:1991//CHARSET
International Reference Version
(IRV)//ESC 2/8 4/2"
DESCSET 0 128 0
FUNCTION
RE 13
RS 10
SPACE 32
TAB SEPCHAR 9 -- Deprecated --
NAMING LCNMSTRT ""
UCNMSTRT ""
LCNMCHAR ".-_:"
UCNMCHAR ".-_:"
NAMECASE GENERAL YES
ENTITY NO
DELIM GENERAL SGMLREF
HCRO "&#38;#x" -- 38 is Ampersand --
HCRO "&#x" -- 38 is Ampersand --
SHORTREF SGMLREF
NAMES SGMLREF
QUANTITY SGMLREF
ATTCNT 60
ATTSPLEN 65536 -- These are the largest values --
LITLEN 65536 -- permitted in the declaration. --
NAMELEN 65536 -- Avoid fixed limits in actual --
PILEN 65536 -- implementations of user agents. --
TAGLVL 100
TAGLEN 65536
GRPGTCNT 150
GRPCNT 64
FEATURES
MINIMIZE
DATATAG NO
OMITTAG YES
RANK NO
SHORTTAG YES
LINK
SIMPLE NO
IMPLICIT NO
EXPLICIT NO
OTHER
CONCUR NO
SUBDOC NO
FORMAL YES
APPINFO NONE
></PRE>
<H1 CLASS="annex" ID="ANNEXB">Annex B</H1>
<P CLASS="normativeAnnex">(normative <SPAN CLASS="UG">in the
International Standard</SPAN>)
</P>
<H2 ID="CL.DTD"><A ID="DTD" NAME="DTD">Entities</A>, <A TITLE="Note on technical term `element type`" HREF="#elementtype">element type</A>s and attributes</H2>
<P CLASS="UG">Part 1 of the DTD for ISO-HTML contains parameter entity definitions
used in Parts 2 and 3, and the short reference mapping
[8879 11.5] which converts the deprecated horizontal tab into a
space. Part 2 contains the elements and their content models. Part 3
provides the attribute definitions and additional normative
refinements that ISO-HTML places on the elements.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.tcd.ie/isohtml/15445.dtd">The document type definition (DTD) for ISO-HTML is
provided by this file.</A>
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"><A ID="SOLUTION.DEFECT.1" NAME="SOLUTION.DEFECT.1"></A>
After the International Standard was published, it was discovered that there was a
discrepancy between the W3C Recommendations and the ISO/IEC
specification in the formal public identifier [8879 10.2] used to
identify the set of entities defined by the W3C for the characters of
ISO 8859-1 <CITE>8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets
— Latin alphabet No. 1</CITE> commonly known as ``<CITE>ISO
latin 1</CITE>''.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">The formal public identifier used in the ISO/IEC DTD:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="TC1-UG"><CODE>-//W3C//ENTITIES Full Latin 1//EN//HTML</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">contains a public text description [8879 10.2.2.2] ``<CODE>Full
Latin 1</CODE>''. However the W3C recommendations had used
``<CODE>Latin 1</CODE>'' and ``<CODE>Latin1</CODE>''. Had the public
text description identified an ISO publication, then it would have
been created in accordance with the rule given by
[8879 10.2.2.2]:
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="quote">
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">It consists of the last element of the publication title, without the
part number designation (if any).</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">If this rule had been applicable, then the public text descriptor
would have been ``<CODE>Latin alphabet No. 1</CODE>'',
giving the formal public identifier
</P>
<PRE CLASS="TC1-UG"><CODE>-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin alphabet No. 1//EN//HTML</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">However the ISO rule is not applicable to W3C publications.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">The solution chosen is to consider all four public text descriptions
to be valid and equivalent, which means that the four formal public
identifiers:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="TC1-UG"><CODE>-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin alphabet No. 1//EN//HTML
-//W3C//ENTITIES Full Latin 1//EN//HTML
-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin 1//EN//HTML
-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin1//EN//HTML</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">specify the same entity set.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1"><INS CITE="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html/#latin1">The <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR> defined in this clause references the entity set specified
by the <ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> to define the characters of <ABBR TITLE="International Organization for Standarization" LANG="EN">ISO</ABBR> 8859-1 <CITE>8-bit
single-byte coded graphic character sets — Latin alphabet
No. 1</CITE>. The reference uses a formal public identifier ``<CODE CLASS="example">-//W3C//ENTITIES Full Latin 1//EN//HTML</CODE>'' which
contains the public text description ``<CODE CLASS="example">Full
Latin 1</CODE>''. The public text descriptions ``<CODE CLASS="example">Latin alphabet No. 1</CODE>'', ``<CODE CLASS="example">Latin 1</CODE>'' and ``<CODE CLASS="example">Latin1</CODE>'' are permitted alternatives which
describe the same entity set.</INS></P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG"><A ID="SOLUTION.DEFECT.2" NAME="SOLUTION.DEFECT.2"></A>
A similar situation arises for the reference by the DTD defined in
this clause to the entity set specified by the W3C for mathematical,
Greek and symbolic characters. The reference uses a formal public
identifier ``<CODE CLASS="example">-//W3C//ENTITIES
Symbolic//EN//HTML</CODE>'' which contains the public text description
``<CODE CLASS="example">Symbolic</CODE>''. However the W3C in <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401">HTML 4.01</A> subclause <A TITLE="W3C listing uf corrrected errorrs" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.2.1">A.2.1 Errors that were corrected</A> changed the
public text description to ``<CODE CLASS="example">Symbols</CODE>''.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1-UG">We recommend that system administrators use the same technique as used
for <A HREF="#PACKAGE">DTD identification</A> to identify the entity
sets. The formal public identifiers (FPI) [8879 10.2] of the
entity sets are used as keys to identify the corresponding entries in
a <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalogue</A> which is usually placed in a
file named <CODE>catalog</CODE>. The catalogue associates the same
file name with the equivalent FPIs:
</P>
<PRE CLASS="TC1-UG"><CODE>PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin alphabet No. 1//EN//HTML"
ISOlatin1.entities
PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Full Latin 1//EN//HTML"
ISOlatin1.entities
PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin 1//EN//HTML"
ISOlatin1.entities
PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin1//EN//HTML"
ISOlatin1.entities
PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Symbolic//EN//HTML"
Symbols.entities
PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Symbols//EN//HTML"
Symbols.entities
PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Special//EN//HTML"
Special.entities</CODE></PRE>
<P CLASS="TC1note-UG">NOTE: The file name is system dependent. A different name may be
needed on restricted operating systems.
</P>
<P CLASS="TC1"><INS CITE="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html/#symbols">The <ABBR TITLE="Document Type Definition" LANG="EN">DTD</ABBR> defined in this clause references the entity set specified
by the <ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> to define mathematical, Greek and symbolic characters.
The reference uses a formal public identifier ``<CODE CLASS="example">-//W3C//ENTITIES Symbolic//EN//HTML</CODE>'' which
contains the public text description ``<CODE CLASS="example">Symbolic</CODE>''. The public text description
``<CODE CLASS="example">Symbols</CODE>'' is a permitted alternative
which describes the same entity set.</INS></P>
<P CLASS="TC1note"><INS CITE="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html/#latin1">NOTE: The <A TITLE="Text of the User's Guide" HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/Users-Guide.html">User's Guide</A>
to this International Standard describes a way in which system administrators may
allow simultaneous use of these alternatives.</INS></P>
<PRE CLASS="SGML">
<!-- 15445.dtd
ISO/IEC 15445:2000 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Document Type Definition.
Copyright (C) 2000-2003, IETF, W3C (MIT, Inria, Keio), ISO/IEC.
All Rights Reserved.
Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
validating and conforming systems and applications as defined
in ISO/IEC 15445:2000, provided this copyright notice is included
with all copies.
The DTD is typically invoked by one of the following declarations:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HyperText Markup Language//EN">
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HTML//EN">
In order to use the HTML document type definition as a base architecture for
other SGML applications, one of the following architectural support
declarations should be used:
<?IS10744
arch name="html"
public-id="ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HyperText Markup Language//EN"
dtd-system-id="ftp://ftp.cs.tcd.ie/isohtml/15445.dtd"
renamer-att="HTMLnames"
doc-elem-form="HTML"
>
<!ENTITY % HtmlDtd PUBLIC "ISO/IEC 15445:2000//DTD HTML//EN">
<?IS10744 ArcBase HTML>
<!NOTATION HTML PUBLIC
"-//ISO-HTML User's Guide//NOTATION HTML Architecture//EN">
<!ATTLIST #NOTATION HTML
ArcDTD CDATA #FIXED "%HtmlDtd"
ArcDocF NAME #FIXED "HTML"
ArcNamrA NAME #IMPLIED
>
-->
<!-- Part 1 - Entity set -->
<!-- The Preparation parameter entity shall be set to IGNORE for HTML,
and to INCLUDE for a document to be submitted to the preparation
process -->
<!ENTITY % Preparation "IGNORE" >
<!-- This definition generates the inverse entity
NoPreparation which is internal to the DTD -->
<![ %Preparation; [
<!ENTITY % NoPreparation "IGNORE" -- Inverse of Preparation = INCLUDE -->
]]>
<!ENTITY % NoPreparation "INCLUDE" -- Inverse of Preparation = IGNORE -->
<!-- End of definition -->
<!-- Tokens defined by other standards -->
<!ENTITY % Content-Type "CDATA" -- MIME content type, RFC1521 -->
<!ENTITY % HTTP-Method "(get | post)" -- as per HTTP/1.1 RFC2068 -->
<!ENTITY % URI "CDATA" -- Universal Resource Identifier, RFC1630 -->
<!-- Element tokens -->
<!ENTITY % special "A | BDO | BR | IMG | OBJECT |
MAP | Q | SPAN" >
<!-- Logical character styles -->
<!ENTITY % logical.styles "ABBR | ACRONYM | CITE | CODE | DFN | EM |
KBD | SAMP | STRONG | VAR" >
<!-- Physical character styles -->
<!ENTITY % physical.styles "B | I | SUB | SUP | TT" >
<!-- Model groups -->
<!-- Block-like elements eg. paragraphs and lists -->
<!ENTITY % block "BLOCKQUOTE | DIV | DL | FIELDSET | FORM |
HR | OL | P | PRE | TABLE | UL" >
<!-- Form fields - input elements that should appear only within forms -->
<!ENTITY % form.fields "BUTTON | INPUT | LABEL | SELECT | TEXTAREA" >
<!-- Character level elements and text strings -->
<!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA | %physical.styles; | %logical.styles; | %special;
| %form.fields;" >
<!-- Elements that may appear in a section or table -->
<!ENTITY % section.content "(%block; | %text; | ADDRESS)+" >
<!ENTITY % table.content "(%block; | %text;)*" >
<!-- Generic attributes -->
<!ENTITY % core
"CLASS CDATA #IMPLIED -- Comma separated list of class values --
--The name space of the ID attribute is shared with the name space of
the NAME attribute. Both ID and NAME attributes may be provided for
the <A> and <MAP> elements. When both ID and NAME values are provided
for an element, the values shall be identical. It is an error for an
ID or NAME value to be associated with more than one element in a
document.
It is recommended that authors of documents specify both the ID
attribute and the NAME attribute for the <A> and <MAP> elements.
--
ID ID #IMPLIED -- Document-wide unique id --
TITLE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Advisory title or amplification --" >
<!-- Internationalization attributes -->
<!ENTITY % i18n
"DIR (ltr|rtl) #IMPLIED -- Direction for weak/neutral text --
LANG NAME #IMPLIED -- RFC1766 language value --" >
<!-- Presentation styles -->
<!ENTITY % shape "(circle | default | poly | rect)" >
<!ENTITY % InputType "(checkbox | file | hidden | password |
radio | reset | submit | text)" >
<!-- SHORTREF mapping for the tab character -->
<!-- Use of the tab character is deprecated. However, to facilitate
the preparation of conforming documents by authors who use it,
the tab character is tolerated and is mapped into a single space. -->
<!ENTITY nontab " " >
<!SHORTREF tabmap " " nontab >
<!USEMAP tabmap HTML >
<!-- Specify character entity sets defined by W3C -->
<!ENTITY % HTMLlat1 PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Full Latin 1//EN//HTML" >
<!ENTITY % HTMLsymbol PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Symbolic//EN//HTML" >
<!ENTITY % HTMLspecial PUBLIC "-//W3C//ENTITIES Special//EN//HTML" >
<!-- Reference character entities -->
%HTMLlat1;%HTMLsymbol;%HTMLspecial;
<!-- Part 2 - Document structure -->
<!-- Further normative requirements on the elements defined in this part
of the DTD are provided in Part 3.-->
<!-- ELEMENTS MIN CONTENT (EXCEPTIONS) -->
<!ELEMENT HTML - - (HEAD, BODY) >
<!ELEMENT HEAD - O (TITLE) +(LINK | META | STYLE) >
<!ELEMENT TITLE - - (#PCDATA) -(LINK | META | STYLE) >
<!ELEMENT LINK - O EMPTY >
<!ELEMENT META - O EMPTY >
<!ELEMENT STYLE - - CDATA >
<!-- The following marked section is informative only -->
<![ %Preparation; [
<!ELEMENT Pre-HTML - - (HEAD, BODY) >
<!ATTLIST Pre-HTML %i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ELEMENT BODY - O ((%block;)*,(H1,DIV1)* ) +(DEL|INS) >
<!ELEMENT H1 - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT DIV1 O O ((%block;)*, (H2,DIV2)* ) >
<!ELEMENT H2 - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT DIV2 O O ((%block;)*, (H3,DIV3)* ) >
<!ELEMENT H3 - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT DIV3 O O ((%block;)*, (H4,DIV4)* ) >
<!ELEMENT H4 - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT DIV4 O O ((%block;)*, (H5,DIV5)* ) >
<!ELEMENT H5 - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT DIV5 O O ((%block;)*, (H6,DIV6)* ) >
<!ELEMENT H6 - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT DIV6 O O ((%block;)*) >
]]>
<!-- The following marked section is normative -->
<![ %NoPreparation; [
<!ELEMENT BODY - O (%block;|H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6)+ +(DEL|INS) >
<!ELEMENT (H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6) - - (%text;)+ >
]]>
<!ELEMENT DIV - - %section.content; >
<!ELEMENT ADDRESS - - (%text;)+ -(IMG|OBJECT|MAP) >
<!ELEMENT P - O (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT (OL|UL) - - (LI)+ >
<!ELEMENT LI - O (%text; | %block;)+ >
<!ELEMENT DL - - (DT|DD)+ >
<!ELEMENT DT - O (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT DD - O %section.content; -(ADDRESS) >
<!ELEMENT PRE - - (%text;)+ -(IMG|MAP|OBJECT|SUB|SUP) >
<!ELEMENT BLOCKQUOTE - - (%block;)+ >
<!ELEMENT Q - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT FORM - - (%block;)+ -(FORM) >
<!-- #PCDATA required to absorb leading white space -->
<!ELEMENT FIELDSET - - (#PCDATA,LEGEND,(%block; | %text; | ADDRESS)+)
-(FIELDSET) >
<!ELEMENT INPUT - O EMPTY >
<!ELEMENT BUTTON - - (%text;)+ -(A|FIELDSET|FORM|%form.fields;) >
<!ELEMENT LABEL - - (%text;)+ -(LABEL) >
<!ELEMENT LEGEND - - (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT SELECT - - (OPTGROUP|OPTION)+ >
<!ELEMENT OPTGROUP - - (OPTION)+ >
<!ELEMENT OPTION - O (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT TEXTAREA - - (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT HR - O EMPTY >
<!ELEMENT TABLE - - (CAPTION?, (COL*|COLGROUP*),
THEAD?, TFOOT?, TBODY+) >
<!ELEMENT CAPTION - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT (THEAD,TFOOT,TBODY) - O (TR)+ >
<!ELEMENT COL - O EMPTY >
<!ELEMENT COLGROUP - O (COL)* >
<!ELEMENT TR - O (TH|TD)+ >
<!ELEMENT (TH|TD) - O %table.content; >
<!ELEMENT (%logical.styles;|%physical.styles;)
- - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT A - - (%text;)* -(A) >
<!ELEMENT IMG - O EMPTY >
<!ELEMENT OBJECT - - (PARAM | %section.content;)* >
<!ELEMENT PARAM - O EMPTY >
<!ELEMENT BR - O EMPTY >
<!-- Authors should use the block-level content of the <MAP> element when
creating accessible documents. Each region should be specified using
an <A> element to define its associated link and shape. User agents
should render the block-level content of a <MAP> element. -->
<!ELEMENT MAP - - ((%block;)|AREA)+ >
<!ELEMENT AREA - O EMPTY >
<!ELEMENT SPAN - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT (DEL|INS) - - (%text;)+ >
<!ELEMENT BDO - - (%text;)+ >
<!-- Part 3 - Attribute definition lists -->
<!-- ELEMENTS
NAME VALUE DEFAULT -->
<!ATTLIST A
--Case shall not be taken into account when determining a match
between an ID value and a NAME value, between an ID value and
an HREF value or between a NAME value and an HREF value.
Comparisons should be made with the values folded to upper case.
The NAME attribute value specification shall be processed as if the
declared value were NAME.
It is recommended that authors of HTML documents specify both ID
and NAME attributes, and use values restricted to the 40 characters
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.-_:0123456789". When both attributes
are specified, they shall have identical values.
COORDS shall not be specified if SHAPE has the value `default'.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ACCESSKEY CDATA #IMPLIED -- Accessibility key character --
CHARSET CDATA #IMPLIED -- Character encoding as per RFC2045 --
COORDS CDATA #IMPLIED -- Comma separated list of values --
HREF %URI; #IMPLIED -- Source anchor is URI of target --
HREFLANG NAME #IMPLIED -- Language code of resource --
NAME CDATA #IMPLIED -- Target anchor --
REL CDATA #IMPLIED -- Forward link types --
REV CDATA #IMPLIED -- Reverse link types --
SHAPE %shape; rect -- Control interpretation of coords --
TABINDEX NUMBER #IMPLIED -- Position in tabbing order --
TYPE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Advisory content type -->
<!ATTLIST ADDRESS
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST AREA
--One of HREF or NOHREF shall be specified.
COORDS shall not be specified if SHAPE has the value `default'.
Authors are very strongly recommended to provide meaningful ALT
attributes to support interoperability with speech-based or text-only
agents. The language and direction of the text provided by the ALT
attribute are defined by the containing elements.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ACCESSKEY CDATA #IMPLIED -- Accessibility key character --
ALT CDATA #REQUIRED -- Description for text-only UAs --
COORDS CDATA #IMPLIED -- Comma separated list of values --
HREF %URI; #IMPLIED -- This region acts as hypertext link --
NOHREF (nohref) #IMPLIED -- This region has no action --
SHAPE %shape; rect -- Control interpretation of coords --
TABINDEX NUMBER #IMPLIED -- Position in tabbing order -->
<!ATTLIST BDO
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
DIR (ltr|rtl) #REQUIRED -- Direction of writing --
LANG NAME #IMPLIED -- RFC1766 language value -->
<!ATTLIST BLOCKQUOTE
--The contents of the <BLOCKQUOTE> element shall not be surrounded with
quotation marks. These may be added by the user agent through the use
of a style sheet.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
CITE %URI; #IMPLIED -- URI for source document or message -->
<!ATTLIST BODY
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST BR
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE -->
<!ATTLIST BUTTON
--The <BUTTON> element shall not contain the <A>, <BUTTON>, <FIELDSET>,
<FORM>, <INPUT>, <LABEL>, <SELECT> or <TEXTAREA> elements.
If the <BUTTON> element contains an <IMG> element, the <IMG> shall not
have an ISMAP or USEMAP attribute.
The TYPE attribute shall be provided, and when the TYPE is
specified as `submit', the NAME and VALUE attributes shall be provided.
The NAME attribute is required if the TYPE attribute has the value
`submit'.
If the TYPE attribute has value `reset', and the <BUTTON> is contained
in a <FIELDSET>, the reset action is limited to the contents of the
<FIELDSET>.
The VALUE attribute is required if the TYPE attribute has the value
`submit' and specifies the value to be returned if the button
is selected.
The <BUTTON> element should be used only in the content of a <FORM>
element.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ACCESSKEY CDATA #IMPLIED -- Accessibility key character --
DISABLED (disabled) #IMPLIED -- Control unavailable in this context --
NAME CDATA #IMPLIED -- Required for all except submit, reset --
TABINDEX NUMBER #IMPLIED -- Position in tabbing order --
TYPE (submit|reset) submit -- For use as form submit/reset button --
VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Passed to server when submitted -->
<!ATTLIST CAPTION
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST COL
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
SPAN NUMBER 1 -- Number of cols spanned -->
<!ATTLIST COLGROUP
--The SPAN attribute should only be used if the <COLGROUP> element
has no content.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
SPAN NUMBER 1 -- Number of cols spanned by group -->
<!ATTLIST DD
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST DEL
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
CITE %URI; #IMPLIED -- Information on reason for change --
DATETIME CDATA #IMPLIED -- When changed, subset of ISO/IEC 8601 -->
<!ATTLIST DIV
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST DL
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST DT
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST FIELDSET
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST FORM
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ACCEPT CDATA #IMPLIED -- List of MIME types for file upload --
ACCEPT-CHARSET CDATA #IMPLIED -- List of supported char sets --
ACTION %URI; #REQUIRED -- Server-side form handler --
ENCTYPE %Content-Type; "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
METHOD %HTTP-Method; get -- See HTTP specification -->
<!ATTLIST HEAD
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
PROFILE %URI; #IMPLIED -- Named dictionary of meta info -->
<!ATTLIST HR
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST HTML
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST (H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6)
--The <H1> element shall not be followed by an <H3>, <H4>, <H5> or
<H6> element without an intervening <H2> element.
The <H2> element shall not be followed by an <H4>, <H5> or <H6>
element without an intervening <H3> element.
The <H3> element shall not be followed by an <H5> or <H6> element
without an intervening <H4> element.
The <H4> element shall not be followed by an <H6> element without an
intervening <H5> element.
An <H2> element shall be preceded by an <H1> element.
An <H3> element shall be preceded by an <H2> element.
An <H4> element shall be preceded by an <H3> element.
An <H5> element shall be preceded by an <H4> element.
An <H6> element shall be preceded by an <H5> element.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST IMG
--If the <IMG> element is contained in a <BUTTON> element, the <IMG>
shall not have an ISMAP or USEMAP attribute.
If the ISMAP attribute is present in an <IMG> element, that <IMG>
element shall be contained in an <A> element with an HREF attribute
present.
At most one of the attributes ISMAP and USEMAP may be provided.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ALT CDATA #REQUIRED -- Text for text-only user agent --
ISMAP (ismap) #IMPLIED -- Use server image map --
LONGDESC %URI; #IMPLIED -- Extended description for text UA --
SRC %URI; #REQUIRED -- URI of image to embed --
USEMAP %URI; #IMPLIED -- Use client-side image map -->
<!ATTLIST INPUT
--If the attribute TYPE has the value `checkbox', values shall be
provided for the NAME and VALUE attributes.
If the attribute TYPE has the value `file', a value shall be
provided for the NAME attribute; HTML interpreting agents should
request user confirmation of any default file names that might
be suggested, and fields specifying files shall not be hidden.
If the attribute TYPE has the value `hidden', values shall be
provided for the NAME and VALUE attributes.
If the attribute TYPE has the value `password', a value shall be
provided for the NAME attribute.
If the attribute TYPE has the value `radio', values shall be
provided for the the NAME and VALUE attributes. At all times,
one and only one of the radio buttons shall be checked.
Initially, if none of the <INPUT> elements in a set of radio
buttons specifies CHECKED, then the user agent shall mark the
first radio button of the set as checked.
If the attribute TYPE has the value `submit', and a value is
specified for the VALUE attribute, then a value shall be provided
for the NAME attribute.
If the attribute TYPE has the value `text', values shall be
provided for the NAME and VALUE attributes.
The MAXLENGTH and TABINDEX values shall be considered as integers
with any leading zeroes ignored.
The <INPUT> element should be used only in the content of a <FORM>
element.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ACCEPT CDATA #IMPLIED -- List of MIME types for file upload --
ACCESSKEY CDATA #IMPLIED -- Accessibility key character --
CHECKED (checked) #IMPLIED -- For radio buttons, checkboxes --
DISABLED (disabled) #IMPLIED -- Control unavailable in this context --
MAXLENGTH NUMBER #IMPLIED -- Max chars for text fields --
NAME CDATA #IMPLIED -- Required for all except submit, reset --
READONLY (READONLY) #IMPLIED -- For text --
SIZE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Specific to each type of field --
TABINDEX NUMBER #IMPLIED -- Position in tabbing order --
TYPE %InputType; text -- Widget --
VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Required for radio, checkboxes -->
<!ATTLIST INS
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
CITE %URI; #IMPLIED -- Information on reason for change --
DATETIME CDATA #IMPLIED -- When changed, subset of ISO/IEC 8601 -->
<!ATTLIST LABEL
--The <LABEL> element shall refer to a form field in the content of the
<FORM> element which contains the <LABEL>.
The <LABEL> element should be used only in the content of a <FORM>
element.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ACCESSKEY CDATA #IMPLIED -- Accessibility key character --
FOR IDREF #IMPLIED -- Points to associated field -->
<!ATTLIST LEGEND
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ACCESSKEY CDATA #IMPLIED -- Accessibility key character -->
<!ATTLIST LI
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST LINK
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
CHARSET CDATA #IMPLIED -- Character encoding as per RFC2045 --
HREF %URI; #IMPLIED -- URI for link resource --
HREFLANG NAME #IMPLIED -- Language code of resource --
MEDIA CDATA #IMPLIED -- Destination media of referenced doc --
REL CDATA #IMPLIED -- Forward link types --
REV CDATA #IMPLIED -- Reverse link types --
TYPE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Advisory Internet content type -->
<!ATTLIST MAP
--The value of the NAME attribute is case sensitive, and the attribute
value specification shall be processed as if the declared value were
NAME.
It is recommended that authors of HTML documents specify both ID
and NAME attributes, and use values restricted to the 40 characters
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.-_:0123456789". When both attributes
are specified, they shall have identical values.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
NAME CDATA #REQUIRED -- Referenced by USEMAP in <IMG> -->
<!ATTLIST META
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
CONTENT CDATA #REQUIRED -- Associated information --
HTTP-EQUIV NAME #IMPLIED -- HTTP response header name --
NAME NAME #IMPLIED -- Meta-information name --
SCHEME CDATA #IMPLIED -- Nature of content -->
<!ATTLIST OBJECT
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
CLASSID %URI; #IMPLIED -- Identifies implementation --
CODEBASE %URI; #IMPLIED -- Needed by some systems --
CODETYPE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Internet content type for code --
DATA %URI; #IMPLIED -- Reference to objects data --
DECLARE (declare) #IMPLIED -- Flag: declare but dont instantiate --
NAME CDATA #IMPLIED -- Submit as part of form --
STANDBY CDATA #IMPLIED -- Show this msg while loading --
TABINDEX NUMBER #IMPLIED -- Position in tabbing order --
TYPE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Internet content type for data --
USEMAP %URI; #IMPLIED -- Reference to image map -->
<!ATTLIST OL
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST OPTGROUP
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
DISABLED (disabled) #IMPLIED -- Control unavailable in this context --
LABEL CDATA #REQUIRED -- For use in hierarchical menus -->
<!ATTLIST OPTION
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
DISABLED (disabled) #IMPLIED -- Control unavailable in this context --
LABEL CDATA #IMPLIED -- For use in hierarchical menus --
SELECTED (selected) #IMPLIED -- Pre-selected option --
VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Defaults to content -->
<!ATTLIST P
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST PARAM
ID ID #IMPLIED -- Document-wide unique id --
NAME CDATA #REQUIRED -- Name of parameter --
TYPE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Internet Media Type --
VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Value of parameter --
VALUETYPE (data|ref|object)
data -- Interpret value as -->
<!ATTLIST PRE
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST Q
--The textual contents of the <Q> element shall not be surrounded with
quotation marks. These may be added by the user agent through the
use of a style sheet.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
CITE %URI; #IMPLIED -- URI for source document or message -->
<!ATTLIST SELECT
--The <SELECT> element should be used only in the content of a <FORM>
element.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
DISABLED (disabled) #IMPLIED -- Control unavailable in this context --
MULTIPLE (multiple) #IMPLIED -- Default is single selection --
NAME CDATA #REQUIRED -- Field name --
SIZE NUMBER #IMPLIED -- Rows visible --
TABINDEX NUMBER #IMPLIED -- Position in tabbing order -->
<!ATTLIST SPAN
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST STYLE
--The <STYLE> element contains style sheet information which shall be
passed to the user agent's style manager. Any style sheet language
may be used. It is a user agent error to render the style sheet
information as if it were part of a document's text.
--
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
MEDIA CDATA #IMPLIED -- Designed for use with these media --
TITLE CDATA #IMPLIED -- Advisory title --
TYPE CDATA #REQUIRED -- Internet content type for style lang. -->
<!ATTLIST TABLE
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
SUMMARY CDATA #REQUIRED -- Purpose/structure for speech output -->
<!ATTLIST TBODY
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST TD
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ABBR CDATA #IMPLIED -- Abbreviation for header cell --
AXIS CDATA #IMPLIED -- Names groups of related headers --
COLSPAN NUMBER 1 -- Number of columns spanned by cell --
HEADERS IDREFS #IMPLIED -- List of ID's for header cells --
ROWSPAN NUMBER 1 -- Number of rows spanned by cell --
SCOPE (col|colgroup|row|rowgroup)
#IMPLIED -- Scope covered by header cells -->
<!ATTLIST TEXTAREA
--The <TEXTAREA> element should be used only in the content of a <FORM>
element.
--
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ACCESSKEY CDATA #IMPLIED -- Accessibility key character --
COLS NUMBER #REQUIRED -- Number required in av char widths --
DISABLED (disabled) #IMPLIED -- Control unavailable in this context --
NAME CDATA #REQUIRED -- Name of form field --
READONLY (readonly) #IMPLIED -- For text --
ROWS NUMBER #REQUIRED -- Number of rows required --
TABINDEX NUMBER #IMPLIED -- Position in tabbing order -->
<!ATTLIST TFOOT
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST TH
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG --
ABBR CDATA #IMPLIED -- Abbreviation for header cell --
AXIS CDATA #IMPLIED -- Names groups of related headers --
COLSPAN NUMBER 1 -- Number of columns spanned by cell --
HEADERS IDREFS #IMPLIED -- List of ID's for header cells --
ROWSPAN NUMBER 1 -- Number of rows spanned by cell --
SCOPE (col|colgroup|row|rowgroup)
#IMPLIED -- Scope covered by header cells -->
<!ATTLIST THEAD
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST TITLE
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST TR
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST UL
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!-- Attribute group definition lists -->
<!ATTLIST (%physical.styles;)
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!ATTLIST (%logical.styles;)
%core; -- Element CLASS, ID and TITLE --
%i18n; -- Internationalization DIR and LANG -->
<!-- End of file --></PRE>
<H1 CLASS="UG" ID="ANNEXC">Annex C</H1>
<H2 CLASS="chapter" ID="CL.MAINTENANCE"><A ID="MAINTENANCE" NAME="MAINTENANCE"><SPAN CLASS="UG">Maintenance of
the International Standard — Defect report index</SPAN></A></H2>
<P CLASS="UG">Every effort has been made to provide a language specification that is
correct and rigorously specified. However since change is inevitable,
facilities have been provided to manage the maintenance of this text.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">
Error notifications should be made via your <A HREF="http://www.iso.ch/addresse/address.html">national body</A> or via a liaison organization such
as the <A HREF="http://www.w3.org">World Wide Web Consortium</A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The defects in reports 1 through 6 have been corrected by <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html">Technical Corrigendum 1</A>. The remaining defect
reports are working documents for use by JTC1/SC34 and the editors of
the International Standard. They should be considered as Work in Progress and should
not be used for reference.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">Defects are corrected following the procedure for "rapid promulgation"
[JTC1 14.4.2.3] specified in clauses 14.4.3 through 14.4.10 of the
JTC1 directives
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE:P We present defects in a style based on form G17 in the JTC1
Directives.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.DEFECT.1"><A CLASS="UG" ID="DEFECT.1" NAME="DEFECT.1">C.1 Defect report 1
Latin alphabet No. 1 entity set public text
description</A></H3>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 1 - To be completed by the WG secretariat</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report number:</B> DR 15445/001
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>WG Secretariat:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Date circulated by WG Secretariat:</B> 2000-12-10
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Deadline for response from editor:</B> 2000-12-10
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 2 - To be completed by the submitter</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Submitter:</B> W3C
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>For review by:</B> JTC1/SC34/WG3 members
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report concerning:</B> ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Qualifier:</B> Omission
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>References:</B>
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>E-mail from Gerald Oskoboiny, 2000-10-18
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/15445.html#dtd"> http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/15445.html#dtd</A>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/entities.html#h-24.2"> http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/entities.html#h-24.2</A>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.2.1"> http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.2.1</A>
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Nature of defect:</B> The formal public identifier -//W3C//ENTITIES
Full Latin 1//EN//HTML used by ISO/IEC 15445:2000 for the ISO Latin
alphabet No. 1 entities contains the public text description `Full
Latin 1' and not `Latin 1' or `Latin1' as used by the W3C
Recommendations for HTML 4.0 and 4.01.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Solution proposed by submitter:</B> Allow a range of formal public
identifiers in the <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalog</A> file.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 3 - Editor's response</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">This is a technical defect in the International Standard. We recommend accepting the
submitter's proposal. See <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/15445.html#dtd">the new text
introduced into the International Standard</A> (highlighted in yellow), a <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/UG.html#solution.defect.1">description of proposed solution</A> and the required <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html">Technical Corrigendum</A>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.DEFECT.2"><A CLASS="UG" ID="DEFECT.2" NAME="DEFECT.2">C.2 Defect report 2
Symbols entity set public text description</A></H3>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 1 - To be completed by the WG secretariat</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report number:</B> DR 15445/002
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>WG Secretariat:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Date circulated by WG Secretariat:</B> 2000-12-10
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Deadline for response from editor:</B> 2000-12-10
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 2 - To be completed by the submitter</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Submitter:</B> W3C
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>For review by:</B> JTC1/SC34/WG3 members
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report concerning:</B> ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Qualifier:</B> Omission
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>References:</B>
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>E-mail from Gerald Oskoboiny, 2000-10-18
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/15445.html#dtd"> http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/15445.html#dtd</A>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/entities.html#h-24.2"> http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/entities.html#h-24.2</A>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.2.1"> http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.2.1</A>
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Nature of defect:</B> The formal public identifier -//W3C//ENTITIES
Symbolic//EN//HTML used by ISO/IEC 15445:2000 for the symbol entities
contains the public text description `Symbolic' and not `Symbols' as
<A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.2.1">amended</A> in
the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Solution proposed by submitter:</B> Allow a range of formal public
identifiers in the <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">catalog</A> file.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 3 - Editor's response</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">This is a technical defect in the International Standard. We recommend accepting the
submitter's proposal. See <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/15445.html#dtd">the new text
introduced into the International Standard</A> (highlighted in yellow), a <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/UG.html#solution.defect.2">description of proposed solution</A> and the required <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html">Technical Corrigendum</A>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.DEFECT.3"><A CLASS="UG" ID="DEFECT.3" NAME="DEFECT.3">C.3 Defect report 3
Simultaneous ID and NAME attributes</A></H3>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 1 - To be completed by the WG secretariat</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report number:</B> DR 15445/003
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>WG Secretariat:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Date circulated by WG Secretariat:</B> 2000-12-10
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Deadline for response from editor:</B> 2000-12-10
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 2 - To be completed by the submitter</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Submitter:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>For review by:</B> JTC1/SC34/WG3 members
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report concerning:</B> ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Qualifier:</B> Omission
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>References:</B>
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.1"> http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.1 `Changes
between 24 April 1998 HTML 4.0 and 24 December 1999
HTML 4.01 versions'</A>
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Nature of defect:</B> Subclause <A TITLE="W3C specification of the use of ID attributes on achors" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#h-12.2.3">12.2.3 Anchors with the id attribute</A> of the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> now
specifies that it is legal for attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> to appear
in the same start tag when they are both defined for an element, and
that they must have identical values. ISO/IEC 15445:2000 first
edition recommended use of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> attribute but required that the
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> values be distinct [Annex B, part 1, parameter
entity <CODE>core</CODE>]. Note that the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> permits use of
both attributes to specify an element's unique identifier for the
elements: <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type APPLET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-APPLET"><APPLET></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.4], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FRAME" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/frames.html#edef-FRAME"><FRAME></A></CODE>
[W3C 16.2.2], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IFRAME" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/frames.html#edef-IFRAME"><IFRAME></A></CODE>
[W3C 16.5], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2] and
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1], but of these, <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type APPLET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-APPLET"><APPLET></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.4], <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FRAME" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/frames.html#edef-FRAME"><FRAME></A></CODE>
[W3C 16.2.2] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IFRAME" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/present/frames.html#edef-IFRAME"><IFRAME></A></CODE>
[W3C 16.5] are excluded
from the International Standard, and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3] and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type IMG" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-IMG"><IMG></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.2] have no <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-name-FORM">NAME</A></CODE> attribute.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Solution proposed by submitter:</B> Change the corresponding
normative text in the ISO-HTML DTD to allow attributes <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE> and
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> to appear in the same start tag when they are both defined for
an element, and require that they have identical values.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 3 - Editor's response</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">This is a technical defect in the International Standard. We recommend accepting the
submitter's proposal. See <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/15445.html#dtd">the new text
introduced into the International Standard</A>, two short descriptions of the proposed
solutions, <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/UG.html#solution.defect.3a">here</A> and <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/UG.html#solution.defect.3map">here</A>, and the required <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html">Technical
Corrigendum</A>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.DEFECT.4"><A CLASS="UG" ID="DEFECT.4" NAME="DEFECT.4">C.4 Defect report 4
Accessibility of client side maps</A></H3>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 1 - To be completed by the WG secretariat</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report number:</B> DR 15445/004
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>WG Secretariat:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Date circulated by WG Secretariat:</B> 2000-12-10
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Deadline for response from editor:</B> 2001-01-31
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 2 - To be completed by the submitter</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Submitter:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>For review by:</B> JTC1/SC34/WG3 members
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report concerning:</B> ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText
Markup Language (HTML)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Qualifier:</B> Omission
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>References:</B>
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.1"> http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.1 `Changes
between 24 April 1998 HTML 4.0 and 24 December 1999
HTML 4.01 versions'</A>
</LI>
<LI>E-mail from Steven Pemberton, Chair, W3C HTML WG, 2000-12-20
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Nature of defect:</B> Subclause <A TITLE="W3C specification of client-side image maps" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#h-13.6.1">13.6.1 Client-side image maps</A> of the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>
introduces an extended mixed content model for the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] element type
<CODE>((%block;) | AREA)+</CODE> which allows
<CODE>%block;</CODE> elements in addition to <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type AREA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-AREA"><AREA></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] elements, and
recommends rendering the block-level content to improve accessibility.
ISO/IEC 15445:2000 provides only <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type AREA" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-AREA"><AREA></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] elements.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Solution proposed by submitter:</B>
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 3 - Editor's response</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">The W3C HTML WG have advised us that
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>The extension to the content model for the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] element type is
essential for accessibility.
</LI>
<LI>The model is stable.</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">We recommend that ISO/IEC 15445:2000 provide the same support for
accessibility as the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>, by extending the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type MAP" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#edef-MAP"><MAP></A></CODE>
[W3C 13.6.1] element type
content model to <CODE>((%block;) | AREA)+</CODE> and adding
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute SHAPE" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-shape">SHAPE</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute COORDS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/objects.html#adef-coords">COORDS</A></CODE> attributes to <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#edef-A"><A></A></CODE>
[W3C 12.2]. Note that the restricted
definition of the <A HREF="#BLOCKTEXT">%block; parameter
entity</A> in ISO/IEC 15445:2000 prevents %<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element grouping in parameter entity %heading;" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/dtd.html#heading">heading</A></CODE>; and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type ADDRESS" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#edef-ADDRESS"><ADDRESS></A></CODE>
[W3C 7.5.6]
elements appearing in a client side map.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.DEFECT.5"><A CLASS="UG" ID="DEFECT.5" NAME="DEFECT.5">C.5 Defect report 5
<ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR> 4.01</A></H3>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 1 - To be completed by the WG secretariat</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report number:</B> DR 15445/005
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>WG Secretariat:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Date circulated by WG Secretariat:</B> 2000-12-10
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Deadline for response from editor:</B> 2000-12-10
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 2 - To be completed by the submitter</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Submitter:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>For review by:</B> JTC1/SC34/WG3 members
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report concerning:</B> ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Qualifier:</B> Omission
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>References:</B>
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.1"> http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/appendix/changes.html#h-A.1 `Changes
between 24 April 1998 HTML 4.0 and 24 December 1999
HTML 4.01 versions'</A>
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Nature of defect:</B> The International Standard refers to HTML 4.0 `as ammended by
the W3C errata', however the W3C have made HTML 4.01 the specification
of the `HTML 4' language, and there are now no W3C errata. References
in the International Standard to the W3C errata are now incorrect.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Solution proposed by submitter:</B> Make the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> the
reference text.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 3 - Editor's response</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">This is a technical defect in the International Standard. We recommend accepting the
submitter's proposal. See the required <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html">Technical
Corrigendum</A>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.DEFECT.6"><A CLASS="UG" ID="DEFECT.6" NAME="DEFECT.6">C.6 Defect report 6
FORM content model</A></H3>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 1 - To be completed by the WG secretariat</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report number:</B> DR 15445/006
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>WG Secretariat:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Date circulated by WG Secretariat:</B> 2001-01-15
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Deadline for response from editor:</B> 2001-01-31
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 2 - To be completed by the submitter</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Submitter:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>For review by:</B> JTC1/SC34/WG3 members
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report concerning:</B> ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Qualifier:</B> Omission
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>References:</B>
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Specification of the HTML 4 <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3] element type.
</LI>
<LI>E-mail from Nicolas Lesbats, Technical University of
Compiègne, 2001-01-12.
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Nature of defect:</B> The <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3] element type specified by W3C
HTML 4 has the content model <CODE>(%block;|SCRIPT)+</CODE>. The
content model for the same element type defined by ISO/IEC 15445:2000
is <CODE>(%block; | %text; | %form.fields; |
ADDRESS)+</CODE> which allows text content. This `generosity' allows
authors to create documents which conform to ISO/IEC 15445 but do not
conform to W3C HTML 4. This is a defect since all documents which
conform to ISO/IEC 15445 should also conform to the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Solution proposed by submitter:</B> Make the following changes to
the ISO/IEC 15445 DTD:
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Reduce the content model of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FORM" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FORM"><FORM></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.3] element type to
<CODE>(%block;)+</CODE> to obtain:
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ELEMENT FORM - - (%block;)+ -(FORM) ></CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>Extend the definition of inline, `text level' elements to
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ENTITY % text '#PCDATA | %physical.styles; | %logical.styles; | %special;
| %form.fields;' ></CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>Reduce the declaration of the <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10] element type to
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ELEMENT FIELDSET - - (#PCDATA,LEGEND,(%block; | %text; | ADDRESS)+)
-(FIELDSET) ></CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>Remove the parameter entity reference <CODE>%form.fields;</CODE> from the declaration of the element type
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type LABEL" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-LABEL"><LABEL></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.9.1] to obtain:
<PRE CLASS="UG"><CODE><!ELEMENT LABEL - - (%text;)+ -(LABEL) ></CODE></PRE>
</LI>
<LI>Remove the declaration of the parameter entity <CODE>%form.content;</CODE>.
</LI>
</OL>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 3 - Editor's response</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">This is a technical defect in the International Standard. We recommend accepting the
submitter's proposal. See the required <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC1.html">Technical
Corrigendum</A>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.DEFECT.7"><A CLASS="UG" ID="DEFECT.7" NAME="DEFECT.7">C.7 Defect report 7
Case folding of ID, NAME and HREF attribute values</A></H3>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 1 - To be completed by the WG secretariat</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report number:</B> DR 15445/007
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>WG Secretariat:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Date circulated by WG Secretariat:</B> tba
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Deadline for response from editor:</B> tba
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 2 - To be completed by the submitter</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Submitter:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>For review by:</B> JTC1/SC34/WG3 members
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report concerning:</B> ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Qualifier:</B> Omission
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>References:</B>
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.tcd.ie/isohtml/15445.dtd">The DTD for IS
15445</A>, element types <A HREF="#A">A</A> and
<A HREF="#MAP">MAP</A>.
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Nature of defect:</B> The International Standard identifies the <A HREF="FOLDING">case folding contradiction</A> and says that "case must
not be taken into account", but does not say what is required of the
authors.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Solution proposed by submitter:</B> Add text to the DTD to
recommend that authors satisfy the competing requirements of SGML and
the <A TITLE="Text of the W3C Recommendation" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401"><ABBR TITLE="World Wide Web Consortium" LANG="EN">W3C</ABBR> Recommendation for <ABBR TITLE="HyperText Markup Language" LANG="EN">HTML</ABBR>
<SPAN CLASS="TC1">4.01</SPAN></A> by restricting themselves to the 40 characters
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.-_:0123456789" for <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute ID" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#adef-id">ID</A></CODE> and <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute NAME of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-name-A">NAME</A></CODE>
values, and for the corresponding <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute HREF of element A" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/links.html#adef-href">HREF</A></CODE> values.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 3 - Editor's response</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">This is a technical defect in the International Standard. We recommend accepting the
submitter's proposal. See the proposed <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC2.html/#FOLDING">Draft Technical Corrigendum</A>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.DEFECT.8"><A CLASS="UG" ID="DEFECT.8" NAME="DEFECT.8">C.8 Defect report 8
Element type INPUT with attribute
<CODE>TYPE=reset</CODE></A></H3>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 1 - To be completed by the WG secretariat</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report number:</B> DR 15445/008
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>WG Secretariat:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Date circulated by WG Secretariat:</B> tba
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Deadline for response from editor:</B> tba
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 2 - To be completed by the submitter</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Submitter:</B> Edward Welbourne
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>For review by:</B> JTC1/SC34/WG3 members
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report concerning:</B> ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Qualifier:</B> Omission
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>References:</B>
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><A HREF="ftp://ftp.cs.tcd.ie/isohtml/15445.dtd">The DTD for IS 15445</A>, element type
<A HREF="#INPUT">INPUT</A> with attribute
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=reset</CODE>.
</LI>
<LI>E-mail from Edward Welbourne, Mon, 28 Oct 2002.
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Nature of defect:</B> When a <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-BUTTON"><BUTTON></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.5] has attribute
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element BUTTON" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-BUTTON">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=reset</CODE>, its effects are limited by any
enclosing <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10]; but when an <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-INPUT"><INPUT></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.4] has attribute
<CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of attribute TYPE of element INPUT" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#adef-type-INPUT">TYPE</A></CODE><CODE>=reset</CODE>, which should have the same effect,
there is no statement in the International Standard of the limitation due to an
enclosing <CODE><A TITLE="W3C specification of element type FIELDSET" HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#edef-FIELDSET"><FIELDSET></A></CODE>
[W3C 17.10].
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Solution proposed by submitter:</B> Add text to the DTD to state
the limitation.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 3 - Editor's response</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">This is an omission in the International Standard. We recommend accepting the
submitter's proposal. See the proposed <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC2.html/#INPUT">Draft Technical Corrigendum</A>.
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.DEFECT.9"><A CLASS="UG" ID="DEFECT.9" NAME="DEFECT.9">C.9 Defect report 9
Alternative syntax for architectural support declaration</A></H3>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 1 - To be completed by the WG secretariat</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report number:</B> DR 15445/009
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>WG Secretariat:</B> Project editors
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Date circulated by WG Secretariat:</B> tba
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Deadline for response from editor:</B> tba
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 2 - To be completed by the submitter</H4>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Submitter:</B> Russell O'Connor
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>For review by:</B> JTC1/SC34/WG3 members
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Defect report concerning:</B> ISO/IEC 15445:2000 HyperText Markup
Language (HTML)
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Qualifier:</B> Omission
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>References:</B>
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI>Clause <A HREF="#ARCHSUPP">9.2 Architectural support
declaration</A>
</LI>
<LI>E-mail from Russell O'Connor, Mon, 20 Jan 2003.
</LI>
<LI>E-mail from W. Eliot Kimber, Fri, 07 Feb 2003.
</LI>
</OL>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Nature of defect:</B> Clause 9.2 provides an architectural support
declaration using a PI-based syntax. However ISO/IEC 10744:1997
(HyTime) in Annex A.3 provides a different syntax based on an
attribute definition list declaration. The International Standard offers no
explanation for this discrepancy.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><B>Solution proposed by submitter:</B> Add the second syntax.
</P>
<H4 CLASS="UG">Part 3 - Editor's response</H4>
<P CLASS="UG">The two syntaxes are both valid, but the PI-based syntax has not yet
been published. We recommend accepting the submitter's proposal. See
the proposed <A HREF="http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/TC2.html/#ARCHSD">Draft Technical
Corrigendum</A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">The alternative syntax proposed by the submitter is used in the
production of the International Standard and the User's Guide.
</P>
<H2 CLASS="bib" ID="CL.BIB"><A CLASS="UG" ID="BIB" NAME="BIB">User's Guide Bibliography</A></H2>
<P CLASS="UG">There is an <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/">excellent online bibliography by
Robin Cover for SGML and XML topics</A>. Detailed references for
international standards are available at the <A HREF="http://www.iso.ch">ISO's
WWW site</A> and details of the ISO/IEC JTC1 programme of work are
available at <A HREF="http://www.jtc1.org">the JTC1 WWW site</A>. W3C documents
will be found at the <A HREF="http://www.w3.org">W3C site</A>. The IETF RFC's
will be found at <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org">the IETF WWW site</A>. A
bibliography of <A HREF="http://purl.oclc.org/metadata/dublin_core/">``Dublin Core
Relevant Publications''</A> is available.
</P>
<OL CLASS="UG">
<LI><A ID="RFC1766" NAME="RFC1766"></A>H. Alverstrand. <EM>Tags for
the Identification of languages</EM> Internet Engineering Task Force,
March 1995. <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1766.txt">RFC1766</A>
</LI>
<LI><A ID="URI" NAME="URI"></A>Tim Berners-Lee, R. Fielding and
L. Masinter. <EM>Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic
Syntax</EM> Internet Engineering Task Force, August 1998. <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC2396</A>
</LI>
<LI><A ID="HTML2.0" NAME="HTML2.0"></A>Tim Berners-Lee, Daniel
Connolly. <EM>Hypertext Markup Language—2.0</EM> Internet
Engineering Task Force <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt">RFC1866</A> 1995.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="XML" NAME="XML"></A>Tim Bray, Jean Paoli and
C.M. Sperberg-McQueen. <EM>Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0</EM>
World Wide Web Consortium <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">REC-xml-19980210</A>,
1998.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="RFC2045" NAME="RFC2045"></A>N. Freed, N. Borenstein.
<EM>Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of
Internet Message Bodies</EM> Internet Engineering Task Force, December
2nd, 1996. <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC2045</A>
</LI>
<LI><A ID="HTTP" NAME="HTTP"></A>Roy T. Fielding, Jim Gettys, Jeffrey
C. Mogul, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Tim Berners-Lee. <EM>Hypertext
Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1</EM> Internet Engineering Task Force,
1997 <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2068.txt">RFC2068</A>.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="GOLDFARB" NAME="GOLDFARB"></A>Charles F. Goldfarb. <EM>The
SGML Handbook</EM> First edition. Oxford University Press, 1990. ISBN
0-19-853737-9.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="ETHNO" NAME="ETHNO"></A>Barbara F. Grimes <EM>Ethnologue,
Languages of the World</EM> 12th edition. Summer Institute of
Linguistics, Dallas 1992
</LI>
<LI><A ID="TR9401" NAME="TR9401"></A>Paul Grosso, Ed., <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org/html/a401.htm">Entity Management</A>. OASIS Technical Resolution
9401:1997 (Amendment 2 to TR 9401), <A HREF="http://www.oasis-open.org">Organization
for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)</A>,
1997 September 10.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="JTC1" NAME="JTC1"></A>ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee
1. <EM>JTC1 Directives: Procedures for the technical work of ISO/IEC
JTC1</EM> 1999-09-23
</LI>
<LI><A ID="RFC2817" NAME="RFC2817"></A>Rohit Khare and Scott Lawrence,
<EM>HTTP Upgrade to TLS</EM>, Internet Engineering Task Force,
May 2000, <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2817.txt">RFC 2817</A>.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="CSS" NAME="CSS"></A>Håkon W. Lie, Bert Bos. <EM>Cascading
Style Sheets, level 1</EM> World Wide Web Consortium, 1996. <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1-961217.html">REC-CSS1-961217</A>
</LI>
<LI><A ID="FILEUPLOAD" NAME="FILEUPLOAD"></A>Ernesto Nebel, Larry
Masinter. <EM>Form-based File Upload in HTML</EM> Internet
Engineering Task Force, November 1994. <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1867.txt">RFC1867</A>
</LI>
<LI><A ID="XHTML" NAME="XHTML"></A>Steven Pemberton and
others. <EM>XHTML<SUP>TM</SUP> 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup
Language: A Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0</EM>. World Wide Web
Consortium. <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1">REC-xhtml1-20000126</A>, 2000.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="HTML4.0" NAME="HTML4.0"></A>Dave Raggett, Arnaud Le Hors,
Ian Jacobs. <EM>HTML 4.0 Specification</EM> <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html4">W3C
Recommendation REC-html40-971218</A>, 18-Dec-1997. World Wide Web
Consortium.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="HTML4.01" NAME="HTML4.01"></A>Dave Raggett, Arnaud Le Hors,
Ian Jacobs. <EM>HTML 4.01 Specification</EM> <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401">W3C Recommendation REC-html401-19991224</A>,
24-Dec-1999. World Wide Web Consortium.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="W3C.OBJECT" NAME="W3C.OBJECT"></A>Dave Ragget, Charlie
Kindel, Lou Montulli, Eric Sink, Wayne Gramlich, Jonathan Hirschman,
Tim Berners-Lee, Dan Connolly. <EM>Inserting objects into HTML. (work
in progress)</EM> World Wide Web Consortium, 1996. <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/WD-object.html">WD-object-960422</A>
</LI>
<LI><A ID="TABLES" NAME="TABLES"></A>Dave Raggett. <EM>HTML
Tables</EM> Internet Engineering Task Force, May 1996. <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1942.txt">RFC1942</A>
</LI>
<LI><A ID="MIMETYPES" NAME="MIMETYPES"></A><A HREF="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types/"><EM>Registered
Internet MIME types</EM></A>
</LI>
<LI><A ID="IANA" NAME="IANA"></A>J. Reynolds, Jon Postel.
<EM>Assigned Numbers</EM> Internet Engineering Task Force, October
1994. <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1700.txt">RFC1700</A>
</LI>
<LI><A ID="DOOCBOOK" NAME="DOCBOOK"></A>Norman Walsh and Leonard
Muellner, <EM><A HREF="http://www.docbook.org">DocBook: The Definitive
Guide</A></EM> O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., published version
2.0.8", 2003-01-02. ISBN 1-56592-580-7.
</LI>
<LI><A ID="I18N" NAME="I18N"></A>François Yergeau, Gavin Nicol,
Glenn Adams, Martin Dürst. <EM>Internationalization of the
Hypertext Markup Language</EM> Internet Engineering Task Force,
January 1997. <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2070.txt">RFC2070</A>
</LI>
</OL>
<H2 CLASS="chapter" ID="CL.LONGDESC"><A CLASS="UG" ID="LONGDESC" NAME="LONGDESC">Long descriptions</A></H2>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.CHARS.LONGDESC"><A CLASS="UG" ID="CHARS.LONGDESC" NAME="CHARS.LONGDESC">Long
description of terms used for character representation</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">
The figure illustrates the different ways of refering to a character.
Each character is given a name such as "CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
ACCENT", and the characters are placed in an ordered set known as the
<EM>character repertoire</EM>. The elements (the characters) of the
set are assigned decimal numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on. The decimal
number for a character is called the <EM>code position</EM>, and the
code position for "CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE ACCENT" is 200. SGML
calls these decimal numbers the <EM>character numbers</EM>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The function from "code position" to "character name" is called the
<EM>coded character set</EM> by <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt">RFC 1866</A>.
The second column in the figure shows the code position as a
hexadecimal value which represents a binary pattern. The ordered set
of binary patterns is called the <EM>code set</EM> by SGML.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">The 1 to 1 relation between the binary pattern and the character name
is called the <EM>coded character set</EM> by ISO 8859-1. The
function from name to pattern is called <EM>character set</EM> by SGML
and the function from pattern to name is called <EM>character encoding
scheme</EM> by <A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt">RFC 1866</A>.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">To facilitate entry of characters not on a keyboard, entity sets such
as "ISO latin 1" provide entities for accented characters. The
"CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE ACCENT" may be entered as
<CODE>&Egrave;</CODE>. A character may also be entered using its
decimal code position in the form of a <EM>numeric character
reference</EM>, such as <CODE>&#200;</CODE>. The figure
also provides in the final column an approximation for the printed
glyph.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: An interesting use of numeric character references is to
obfuscate the markup of an e-mail address in a web page, so that it is
not harvested by spam-bots.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="#CHARS.FIG">Back to figure</A>
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.SECTIONS.LONGDESC"><A CLASS="UG" ID="SECTIONS.LONGDESC" NAME="SECTIONS.LONGDESC">Long
description of progressive nesting of sections</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">
The figure illustrates the progressive nesting of sections. The model
is one of geographic entities containing one another. The sections
have a rank: An <CODE><H1></CODE> is called a
<EM>continent</EM>, an <CODE><H2></CODE> is called a
<EM>country</EM>, an <CODE><H3></CODE> is called a
<EM>province</EM>, an <CODE><H4></CODE> is called a
<EM>city</EM>, and so on. The idea is that a province may contain a
city but not the other way around. The nesting must also be
progressive, ie. if a continent contains a province, there must be an
intermediate country.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG">
An <CODE><H1></CODE> continent may contain more than one
<CODE><H2></CODE> country, and a <CODE><H2></CODE> country may contain more than one <CODE><H3></CODE> province.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="#SECTIONS.FIG">Back to figure</A>
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.POLYGON.LONGDESC"><A CLASS="UG" ID="POLYGON.LONGDESC" NAME="POLYGON.LONGDESC">Long
description of figure which has a map</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">
The figure shows an graphic containing a row of five equal circles.
The circles are inscribed with regular polygons: a triangle, a square,
a hexagon (6 sided), a decagon (10 sided) and a duodecagon (12 sided).
Clicking on one of the polygons leads to a text giving a formula for
the surface area.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="#POLYGON.FIG">Back to figure</A>
</P>
<H3 CLASS="subchapter" ID="CL.SUBSET.LONGDESC"><A CLASS="UG" ID="SUBSET.LONGDESC" NAME="SUBSET.LONGDESC">Long
description of figure for internal subset</A></H3>
<P CLASS="UG">
The figure shows a "document in preparation" which contains:
</P>
<UL CLASS="UG">
<LI>In the internal subset, before the first element, an SGML
parameter entity declaration with the entity name "legal".
</LI>
<LI>Again, in the internal subset, a reference to the entity "legal".
</LI>
<LI>In the document body, a reference to the general entity
"fineprint".
</LI>
</UL>
<P CLASS="UG">
The figure shows a piece of the catalogue which associates the entity
"legal" with the file legal.txt. The figure shows that the file
legal.txt contains a declaration of the general entity "fineprint".
The reference to parameter entity "legal" has the effect of declaring
the entity "fineprint", which is then available for reference in the
body of the document.
</P>
<P CLASS="note-UG">NOTE: The legal text is in such a small font that it is impossible to
read it.
</P>
<P CLASS="UG"><A HREF="#SUBSET.FIG">Back to figure</A>
</P>
<HR CLASS="fullwidth">
<P CLASS="fullwidth">ICS 35.240.30</P>
<P CLASS="fullwidth">Price <SPAN CLASS="UG">of the International Standard is</SPAN> based on
<SPAN CLASS="UG">a printed size of</SPAN> 20 pages.
</P>
<HR CLASS="fullwidth">
<P CLASS="fullwidth">
<ABBR TITLE="Persistent Uniform Resource Locator" LANG="EN">PURL</ABBR>: <CODE> <SPAN CLASS="UG">http://purl.org/NET/ISO+IEC.15445/Users-Guide.html</SPAN></CODE>
Last change was on
2003-04-24Z10:10:18 UTC
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